ImmunoCharge: Phase 4 Clinical Trial App for Pandemic Vaccination

Immuno-Charge is an application that focuses on collecting clinical data forclinical trial purposes and helps to fix appointments for vaccination. The application acts asa bridge between the user and pharmaceutical company as it provides required data to thecompany and provides an easy interface to use, both for user and company. It also keepsrecords and track of vaccines taken by users. Users must fill in the data that is provided tothem in a question-and-answer format. The limitation is that the authentication of the user'smedical data & symptoms is not done. The progress of immunization can be a long, complexprocess that regularly lasts 10-15 years and includes a combination of public and privateenterprise involvement. Vaccines are designed, tested, and directed in a really similar way toother drugs. Clinical trials are research studies or observations done in clinical research.Such planned biomedical or behavioral studies on human members are designed to answerspecific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments(such as novel vaccines, drugs etc) and known intercessions that warrant encouragingthought about and comparison. Clinical studies provide information about measurement,safety, and feasibility.

UQuAD1.0: Development of an Urdu Question Answering Training Data for Machine Reading Comprehension

<p>In recent years, low-resource Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) has made significant progress, with models getting remarkable performance on various language datasets. However, none of these models have been customized for the Urdu language. This work explores the semi-automated creation of the Urdu Question Answering Dataset (UQuAD1.0) by combining machine-translated SQuAD with human-generated samples derived from Wikipedia articles and Urdu RC worksheets from Cambridge O-level books. UQuAD1.0 is a large-scale Urdu dataset intended for extractive machine reading comprehension tasks consisting of 49k question Answers pairs in question, passage, and answer format. In UQuAD1.0, 45000 pairs of QA were generated by machine translation of the original SQuAD1.0 and approximately 4000 pairs via crowdsourcing. In this study, we used two types of MRC models: rule-based baseline and advanced Transformer-based models. However, we have discovered that the latter outperforms the others; thus, we have decided to concentrate solely on Transformer-based architectures. Using XLMRoBERTa and multi-lingual BERT, we acquire an F₁ score of 0.66 and 0.63, respectively.</p>

UQuAD1.0: Development of an Urdu Question Answering Training Data for Machine Reading Comprehension

<p>In recent years, low-resource Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) has made significant progress, with models getting remarkable performance on various language datasets. However, none of these models have been customized for the Urdu language. This work explores the semi-automated creation of the Urdu Question Answering Dataset (UQuAD1.0) by combining machine-translated SQuAD with human-generated samples derived from Wikipedia articles and Urdu RC worksheets from Cambridge O-level books. UQuAD1.0 is a large-scale Urdu dataset intended for extractive machine reading comprehension tasks consisting of 49k question Answers pairs in question, passage, and answer format. In UQuAD1.0, 45000 pairs of QA were generated by machine translation of the original SQuAD1.0 and approximately 4000 pairs via crowdsourcing. In this study, we used two types of MRC models: rule-based baseline and advanced Transformer-based models. However, we have discovered that the latter outperforms the others; thus, we have decided to concentrate solely on Transformer-based architectures. Using XLMRoBERTa and multi-lingual BERT, we acquire an F₁ score of 0.66 and 0.63, respectively.</p>

Withholding consent

This paper examines public meetings in the Netherlands where experts and officials interact with local residents on the human health effects of livestock farming. Using Conversation Analysis, we reveal a ‘weapon of the weak’: a practice by which the residents resist experts’ head start in information meetings. It is shown how residents draw on the given question-answer format to challenge experts and pursue an admission of, for example, methodological shortcomings. We show how the residents’ first question functions as a ‘foot-in-the-door’, providing them with a strong basis for skepticism. By systematically challenging the expert responses, the residents exploit the interaction’s sequential organization, with the effect that the goal becomes them being convinced rather than being informed. Consequently, the withholding of consent becomes the residents’ ‘weapon’. Finally, we argue that in an age where expertise is increasingly contested, it is crucial to understand how, and to what end, this contestation may occur.

COVID-19 myth-busting: an experimental study

BackgroundCOVID-19 misinformation is a danger to public health. A range of formats are used by health campaigns to correct beliefs but data on their effectiveness is limited. We aimed to identify A) whether three commonly used myth-busting formats are effective for COVID-19 myths, immediately and after a delay, and B) which is the most effective.MethodsWe tested whether three common correction formats could reduce beliefs in COVID-19 myths: (i) question-answer, ii) fact-only, (ii) fact-myth. n = 2215 participants (n=1291 after attrition), UK representative of age and gender, were randomly assigned to one of the three formats. n = 11 myths were acquired from fact-checker websites and piloted to ensure believability. Participants rated myth belief at baseline, were shown correction images (the intervention), and then rated myth beliefs immediately post-intervention and after a delay of at least 6 days. A partial replication, n = 2084 UK representative, was also completed with immediate myth rating only. Analysis used mixed models with participants and myths as random effects.ResultsMyth agreement ratings were significantly lower than baseline for all correction formats, both immediately and after the delay; all β’s > 0.30, p’s < .001. Thus all formats were effective at lowering beliefs in COVID-19 misinformation.Correction formats only differed where baseline myth agreement was high, with question-answer and fact-myth more effective than fact-only immediately; β=0.040, p=.022 (replication set: β = 0.053, p = .0075) and β = -0.051, p = .0059 (replication set: β=-0.061, p < .001), respectively. After the delay however, question-answer was more effective than fact-myth, β = 0.040, p =. 031, and fact-only marginally so, β = .025, p = 0.10.ConclusionOur results imply that COVID-19 myths can be effectively corrected using materials and formats typical of health campaigns. Campaign designers can use our results to choose between correction formats. When myth belief was high, question-answer format, in which the reader is invited to consider whether a myth is true, had a more lasting effect than a traditional fact-myth format.

Interview Questions on ANDA filing

This guidance document provides prominent facts on ANDA filings in FAQ format. It covers aspects like drafting, submission, review, approval of ANDA in question answer format. It is an excellent database for those seeking appointment in large pharmaceutical companies.

Six Questions on the Special, the Inclusive, and the Universal

Rachel Adams uses a question-and-answer format to extend the conversations she has had with her friend and colleague Alison Piepmeier and to imagine which issues Alison might have tackled, had her friend lived beyond 2016. Rachel believes that Alison would have been wary of such developments in genomics as the commercialization of prenatal genetic tests, direct-to-consumer genetic services, and the gene-editing technology CRISPR-Cas9. She discusses Alison’s likely concerns about how genetic technology can influence society’s perception of disability, identity, and social justice. Rachel considers Alison’s response to conservatives’ continued use of disability to curtail women’s reproductive freedom today. The chapter also describes Alison’s likely concern that the #MeToo movement has overlooked people with disabilities. Rachel assumes that as Maybelle, Alison’s daughter, grows older, Alison’s own experience with a teenager and then an adult would have propelled her toward further examining such issues as sexuality, employment, and independence for people with intellectual disabilities. Finally, Rachel asks whether Alison would have had more to say about the differences between disability and illness and how much Down syndrome can represent other disabilities and how much it is simply one unique characteristic of some people.

AUTOMATED CONTROL OF THE SOFTWARE PROTOTYPE CODE REVIEW BASED ON THE QUESTION-ANSWERING PROTOCOLS FOR REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

The paper describes the architecture of software tools for automating the management of code review of software prototypes of design solutions that allow to obtain such effects as ensuring interactive interaction between the designer and an expert performing code review, as well as reducing the expert’s time spent on commenting the code by selecting a comment from the list prepared in advance for each requirement from the requirements obtained during the analysis. The tools being developed consist of three main parts. The first part presents requirements in a question-and-answer format including standard comments to be inserted into the prototype code in case of non-compliance with these requirements. The second one is a relational database, which is designed to store the source codes of prototypes aimed at inspection and passed it with expert comments. The third one is a Web-application that allows the designer to send prototype codes for review and see the results of the inspection, and an expert to provide viewing and editing of the prototype source code with the insertion of both standard, pre-prepared comments, and written in free form.

Understanding Genetic Algorithm (GA) Operators Step by Step

In today's world of soft computing, GAs are a hot topic. Researchers developed this fascinating application to face or to counter many difficult problems which cannot be solved through traditional approaches. We have seen that in the published work of GAs, an author does not reveal the working of the GA as a whole. In this chapter, the authors tried to untwist the GA methodology. This knowledge will be helpful in applying GAs for various applications (i.e., in the fields of science and technology and business). In the case of business-related problems, the use of GAs will have viable value. This chapter is a guide to using GAs vs. other soft computing techniques. Later in the chapter, the authors explain the working and comparison of GAs by using question and answer format.

The Unexpected Benefits of Customer Discovery for Research, Teaching, Economic Development, and Innovation

The Innovation-Corps™ (I-Corps) program was created by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2011 to help translate NSF-funded academic research to market. Working with coordi- nating partner VentureWell, the NSF offers select participants from U. S. academic laboratories the opportunity to immerse themselves in a process to test and explore the opportunities and value of their ideas in the marketplace. Participants talk to potential customers, partners, and competitors to refine their research ideas into viable products using an entrepreneurial approach to meet the challenges and uncertainty of creating successful innovations. This paper summarizes panel content that was planned for the NAI Ninth Annual Meeting, which was cancelled due to COVID-19 concerns and restrictions. The purpose of the panel was to provide a range of uniquely different perspectives; thus, we have opted to maintain the question and answer format. The panelists first examine the real and perceived, or intended and unintended, outputs of I-Corps projects and then discuss the I-Corps process as the catalyst for refining and/or scaling promising research idea into a product to meet a customer need. The panelists then describe the importance of customer discovery as relevant to invention and to culturally conscious entrepreneurship and how this first step can aid basic research. The panelists highlight the opportunities and challenges of teaching a customer discovery approach in an academic setting by charging learners to ask open-ended questions to acquire a 360-degree perspective of a technological innovation. Lastly, the panelists provide a viewpoint on the execution of academic customer discovery during the current COVID-19 challenges and the potential for economic development.