Service users with extra needs

2020 ◽  
pp. 443-502
Keyword(s):  
Homeless People ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Living With Hiv

This chapter covers populations who have special circumstances that increase their needs when accessing healthcare. This includes asylum seekers and refugees, homeless people, gypsies and other travellers, those affected by domestic violence, adults at risk from harm and abuse, victims of crime, and young people transitioning to adult services. It also covers adults with learning disabilities, carers, people living with HIV, people with eating disorders, those who abuse substances, people with bipolar disorder, psychosis, and post-traumatic stress disorder, patients with dementia, and armed forces veterans. The chapter also covers female genital mutilation (FGM), and identifying women and girls who have been subject to FGM.

scholarly journals Global estimate of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among adults living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e032435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chulei Tang ◽  
Lloyd Goldsamt ◽  
Jingjing Meng ◽  
Xueling Xiao ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectivesAlthough people living with HIV (PLWH) have been disproportionately affected by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the global prevalence of PTSD among PLWH is unknown. This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of PTSD among PLWH worldwide and explore variation in prevalence across sociodemographic and methodological factors.DesignA meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted to pool the prevalence estimated from individual studies, and subgroup analyses were used to analyse heterogeneities.Setting, participants and measuresObservational studies providing PTSD prevalence data in an adult HIV population were searched from January 2000 to November 2019. Measurements were not restricted, although the definition of PTSD had to align with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or the International Classification of Diseases diagnostic criteria.ResultsA total of 38 articles were included among 2406 records identified initially. The estimated global prevalence of PTSD in PLWH was 28% (95% CI 24% to 33%). Significant heterogeneity was detected in the proportion of PLWH who reported PTSD across studies, which was partially explained by geographic area, population group, measurement and sampling method (p<0.05).ConclusionPTSD among PLWH is common worldwide. This review highlights that PTSD should be routinely screened for and that more effective prevention strategies and treatment packages targeting PTSD are needed in PLWH.

Post-traumatic stress disorder and risky opioid use among persons living with HIV and chronic pain

AIDS Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elenore Bhatraju ◽  
Jane M. Liebschutz ◽  
Sara Lodi ◽  
Leah S. Forman ◽  
Marlene C. Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress disorder among persons with HIV who engage in heavy alcohol consumption in southwestern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Kekibiina ◽  
Julian Adong ◽  
Robin Fatch ◽  
Nneka I. Emenyonu ◽  
Kara Marson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background We aimed to describe the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and its associated factors in persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Uganda who engage in heavy alcohol use. Methods We analyzed baseline data from the Drinkers Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study which enrolls PLWH with latent tuberculosis who engage in heavy alcohol consumption. Using the primary care Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) screening scale from the DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5), probable PTSD was defined as reporting ≥3 of 5 assessed symptoms. We conducted the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption and assessed demographics, smoking, symptoms of depression, and spirituality/religiosity. Results Of 421 participants enrolled from 2018 through 2020, the majority (68.2%) were male, median age was 40 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 32–47), and median AUDIT-C score was 6 [IQR: 4–8]. Half (50.1%) of the participants reported ever experiencing a traumatic event, and 20.7% reported ≥3 symptoms of PTSD. The most commonly reported PTSD symptoms in the past 1 month in the entire sample were avoidance (28.3%), nightmares (27.3%), and being constantly on guard (21.6%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, level of alcohol use was not associated with probable PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for each AUDIT-C point: (1.02; 95% CI: 0.92–1.14; p = 0.69); however, lifetime smoking (AOR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.10–3.24) and reporting symptoms of depression (AOR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.04–3.44) were independently associated with probable PTSD. Conclusions and recommendations A history of traumatic events and probable PTSD were frequently reported among persons who engage in heavy drinking, living with HIV in Uganda. Level of alcohol use was not associated with probable PTSD in this sample of PLWH with heavy alcohol use, however other behavioral and mental health factors were associated with probable PTSD. These data highlight the high prevalence of PTSD in this group, and the need for screening and interventions for PTSD and mental health problems.

scholarly journals Predicting Gambling Situations: The Roles of Impulsivity, Substance Use, and Post Traumatic Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Grubbs ◽  
Heather Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gambling Behaviors ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Post Traumatic

Gambling disorder and symptoms of post-traumatic stress are highly comorbid. Numerous studies suggest that the presence of one (either disordered gambling or post-traumatic stress) substantially increases the odds of later developing the other. However, little is known about the etiological links between these two domains or the nuances of the comorbidity. Past research has suggested that symptoms of post-traumatic stress might be related to unique motivations for and beliefs about gambling. The present work sought to examine whether or not symptoms of post-traumatic stress might also be related to specific situational vulnerabilities to gambling behaviors. Using a large cross-sectional sample of internet-using adults in the U.S. who were primarily recreational gamblers (N = 589; 43% men, Mage = 36.1, SD = 11.0), as well as an inpatient sample of U.S. Armed Forces veterans seeking treatment for gambling disorder (N = 332, 80% men, Mage = 53.5, SD = 11.5), the present work tested whether or not symptoms of post-traumatic stress were uniquely related to a variety of gambling situations. Results in both samples revealed that, even when controlling for potentially confounding variables (e.g., substance use and trait impulsivity), symptoms of post-traumatic stress were uniquely related to gambling in response to negative affect, gambling in response to social pressure, and gambling due to a need for excitement. These findings are consistent with recent work suggesting that individuals with post-traumatic stress symptoms are more likely to engage in gambling behaviors for unique reasons that differ from gamblers without such symptoms.

scholarly journals Stability of recall of military hazards over time

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wessely ◽  
C. Unwin ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
L. Hull ◽  
K. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundWartime traumatic events are related to subsequent psychological and physical health, but quantifying the association is problematic. Memory changes over time and is influenced by psychological status.AimsTo use a large, two-stage cohort study of members of the UK armed forces to study changes in recall of both traumatic and ‘toxic’ hazards.MethodA questionnaire-based follow-up study assessed 2370 UK military personnel, repeating earlier questions about exposure to military hazards.ResultsThe κ statistics for reporting of hazards were good for some exposures, but very low for others. Gulf veterans reported more exposures over time (no significant rise in the Bosnia cohort). In the Gulf cohort only, reporting new exposures was associated with worsening health perception, and forgetting previously reported exposures with improved perception. We found no association between physical health, psychological morbidity or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and endorsement or non-endorsement of exposures.ConclusionsReporting of military hazards after a conflict is not static, and is associated with current self-rated perception of health. Self-report of exposures associated with media publicity needs to be treated with caution.

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