Case 39

Diagnostic Approaches ◽

Viral infection in pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the foetus. This chapter examines the steps to be taken on exposure to viruses associated with rash illness in pregnancy. Consideration is given to the important points in the history, which viral infections are of concern in pregnancy (varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19, rubella, measles, and Zika), the possible outcomes of infection, diagnostic approaches, and the management of a confirmed case of Parvovirus B19 infection.

SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: Fitting Into the Existing Viral Repertoire

Frontiers in Global Women's Health ◽

10.3389/fgwh.2021.647836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Roopali Rajput ◽

Jitender Sharma

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Fetal Health ◽

Fetal Protection ◽

The risk of viral infection during pregnancy is well-documented; however, the intervention modalities that in practice enable maternal-fetal protection are restricted by limited understanding. This becomes all the more challenging during pandemics. During many different epidemic and pandemic viral outbreaks, worse outcomes (fetal abnormalities, mortality, preterm labor, etc.) seem to affect pregnant women than what has been evident when compared to non-pregnant women. The condition of pregnancy, which is widely understood as “immunosuppressed,” needs to be re-understood in terms of the way the immune system works during such a state. The immune system gets transformed to accommodate and facilitate fetal growth. The interference of such supportive conversion by viral infection and the risk of co-infection lead to adverse fetal outcomes. Hence, it is crucial to understand the risk and impact of potent viral infections likely to be encountered during pregnancy. In the present article, we review the effects imposed by previously established and recently emerging/re-emerging viral infections on maternal and fetal health. Such understanding is important in devising strategies for better preparedness and knowing the treatment options available to mitigate the relevant adverse outcomes.

Fetal morbidity and mortality after acute human parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy: prospective evaluation of 1018 cases

Prenatal Diagnosis ◽

10.1002/pd.940 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 513-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 196

Author(s):

Martin Enders ◽

Andrea Weidner ◽

Iris Zoellner ◽

Karen Searle ◽

Gisela Enders

Keyword(s):

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Human Parvovirus B19 ◽

Prospective Evaluation ◽

Diagnosis, management and possibilities to prevent parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy

Future Virology ◽

10.2217/fvl.11.120 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 1435-1450 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Annelie Plentz ◽

Susanne Modrow

Keyword(s):

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy — awareness and opportunities

Current Opinion in Virology ◽

10.1016/j.coviro.2017.10.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 8-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Francesca Bonvicini ◽

Gloria Bua ◽

Giorgio Gallinella

Keyword(s):

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Select Viruses in Adults

Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review ◽

10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0005 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 61-79

Author(s):

Randall C. Walker

Keyword(s):

Viral Infections ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Epidemiologic Factors ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Simplex Virus

The following types of viral infections are discussed in this chapter: viral infections that have the capacity for multiorgan or systemic disease; infections that affect adults who may be otherwise healthy or at least not in special populations such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, mumps virus, human parvovirus B19, and coxsackievirus. Reviews of these viruses focus on differentiating clinical features, diagnostic tools and treatment, and salient microbiologic and epidemiologic factors.