Cervical Spine Trauma

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay S. Reidler ◽  
Amit Jain ◽  
A. Jay Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cervical Spine Trauma ◽  
Radiographic Imaging ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Key Aspects

This chapter discusses the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic injuries to the cervical spine. It describes key aspects of the history and physical examination when evaluating patients with suspected cervical spine injuries. Further, it outlines indications for applying cervical collars, steps involved in clearing/removing cervical collars, and recommendations for initial radiographic imaging. Neurologic injuries associated with cervical spine trauma, ranging from “stingers” to complete spinal cord injuries, are described. Common vertebral fracture and dislocation patterns are defined and organized to assist with diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Imaging of Cervical Spine Injuries in Athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Bogner
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Cervical Spine Trauma ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
The Way

Trauma of the cervical spine is one of the most harrowing injuries seen in athletics. Although such injuries are not common, their impact can be devastating. Based on a thorough review of the literature, this article explains the identification of cervical spine trauma and the importance of stability therein. Multiple examples are given highlighting these findings and the way that multiple modalities can be used to asses such injuries. The article concludes with a brief review of the current recommendations as they relate to imaging in the initial assessment of cervical spine trauma.

scholarly journals Pediatric subaxial cervical spine injuries: origins, management, and outcome in 51 patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seref Dogan ◽  
Sam Safavi-Abbasi ◽  
Nicholas Theodore ◽  
Eric Horn ◽  
Harold L. Rekate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Orthosis ◽  
Spine Injuries

Object In this study the authors evaluated the mechanisms and patterns of injury and the factors affecting management and outcome of pediatric subaxial cervical spine injuries (C3–7). Methods Fifty-one pediatric patients (38 boys and 13 girls; mean age 12.4 years, range 10 months–16 years) with subaxial cervical spine injuries were reviewed retrospectively. Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were the most common cause of injury. Overall, 12% presented with a dislocation, 63% with a fracture, 19% with a fracture–dislocation, and 6% with a ligamentous injury. The most frequently injured level was C6–7 (33%); C3–4 (6%) was least frequently involved. Sixty-four percent of patients were neurologically intact, 16% had incomplete spinal cord injuries (SCIs), 14% had complete SCIs, and three patients (6%) died after admission and before assessment. Treatment was conservative in 64%: seven (13%) wore a halo vest and 26 (51%) wore a rigid cervical orthosis. Surgery was performed in the other 18 patients (36%), with the breakdown as follows: 15 (30%) underwent an anterior approach, two (4%) had posterior approaches, and one (2%) had a combined approach. Postoperatively, four patients (8%) who had a neurological deficit improved. The overall mortality rate was 8%; all deaths were related to MVAs. There were no surgery-related deaths or complications. Conclusions Subaxial cervical spine injuries are common in children 9 to 16 years of age, and occur principally between C-5 and C-7. Multilevel injury is more common in children 8 years of age and older than in younger children and infants. Most patients with subaxial cervical spine injuries can be treated conservatively. Both anterior and posterior approaches are safe and effective.

Spinal injury patterns among skiers and snowboarders

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly E. Hubbard ◽  
Ryan P. Jewell ◽  
Travis M. Dumont ◽  
Anand I. Rughani
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Cervical Spine Trauma ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Injury Patterns

Object Skiing and snowboarding injuries have increased with the popularity of these sports. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are a rare but serious event, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for skiers and snowboarders. The purpose of this study is to characterize the patterns of SCI in skiers and snowboarders. Methods The authors queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2000–2008 for all patients admitted with skiing or snowboarding as the mechanism of injury, yielding a total of 8634 patients. The injury patterns were characterized by the ICD-9 diagnostic and procedure codes. The codes were searched for those pertaining to vertebral and skull fracture; spinal cord, chest, abdominal, pelvic, and vessel injuries; and fractures and dislocations of the upper and lower extremity. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Student t-test. Results Patients were predominantly male (71%) skiers (61%), with the average age of the skiers being older than that of snowboarders (39.5 vs 23.5 years). The average length of stay for patients suffering from spine trauma was 3.8 days and was increased to 8.9 days in those with SCI. Among hospitalized patients, SCI was seen in 0.98% of individuals and was equally likely to occur in snowboarders and skiers (1.07% vs 0.93%, p < 0.509). Cervical spine trauma was associated with the highest likelihood of SCI (19.6% vs. 10.9% of thoracic and 6% of lumbar injuries, p < 0.0001). Patients who were injured skiing were more likely to sustain a cervical spine injury, whereas those injured snowboarding had higher frequencies of injury to the lumbar spine. The most common injury seen in tandem with spine injury was closed head injury, and it was seen in 13.4% of patients. Conversely, a spine injury was seen in 12.9% of patients with a head injury. Isolated spine fractures were seen in 4.6% of patients. Conclusions Skiers and snowboarders evaluated at the hospital are equally likely to sustain spine injuries. Additionally, participants in both sports have an increased incidence of SCI with cervical spine trauma.

The Role of Polytomography in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Spine Injuries

1982 ◽  
Vol &NA; (165) ◽  
pp. 64???67
Author(s):  
LEWIS D. ANDERSON ◽  
BRUCE L. SMITH ◽  
JAMES DETORRE ◽  
JESSE T. LITTLETON
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries

Cervical Spine Trauma

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Paul J. Read
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cervical Spine Trauma ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Column Model

Chapter 2 aims to introduce the reader to important concepts relevant to interpreting imaging of the cervical spine after trauma. Cervical spine traumatic injuries are categorized by mechanism of injury, stability, and location. The most common mechanisms of injury in the cervical spine are hyperflexion, hyperextension, and axial compression, and these mechanisms often result in predictable radiographic abnormalities. Injuries can be divided into those that are stable and those that are unstable. In addition, the 3-column model, which divides the spine into anterior, middle, and posterior columns, is described. Pertinent anatomy and imaging strategies will be reviewed followed by a pattern-based review of injuries, typical imaging findings, and standard treatment options.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the SLICS use in the treatment of subaxial cervical spine injuries

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halisson Y. F. da Cruz ◽  
Andrei F. Joaquim ◽  
Helder Tedeschi ◽  
Alpesh A. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Injury Classification

The SLICS (Sub-axial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System) was proposed to help in the decision-making of sub-axial cervical spine trauma (SCST), even though the literature assessing its safety and efficacy is scarce. Method We compared a cohort series of patients surgically treated based on surgeon’s preference with patients treated based on the SLICS. Results From 2009-10, 12 patients were included. The SLICS score ranged from 2 to 9 points (mean of 5.5). Two patients had the SLICS < 4 points. From 2011-13, 28 patients were included. The SLICS score ranged from 4 to 9 points (mean of 6). There was no neurological deterioration in any group. Conclusion After using the SLICS there was a decrease in the number of patients with less severe injuries that were treated surgically. This suggests that the SLICS can be helpful in differentiating mild from severe injuries, potentially improving the results of treatment.

scholarly journals Cervical Spine Injuries in Sports

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Daniel J Blizzard ◽  
Michael A Gallizzi ◽  
Lindsay T Kleeman ◽  
Melissa M Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Spine Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Atlantoaxial Instability ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Early Return ◽  
Spine Injuries

ABSTRACT Injuries to the cervical spine in athletes are rare but potentially devastating outcomes resulting from involvement in sports activities. New rules and regulations implemented by national sports organizations have helped to decrease the rate of cervical spine and spinal cord injuries sustained by athletes. A basic understanding of cervical spine anatomy, physical examination and spine precautions is necessary for any physi cian evaluating athletes on the field to determine if transfer to higher level of care is needed. It is particularly important to know the systematic protocol for spine immobilization, neuro logic exam and helmet removal in a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury. While cervical strain is the most common cervical spine injury, physicians should be familiar with the presentation for other injuries, such as Burner's syndrome (Stinger), cervical disk herniation, transient quadriplegia and cervical spine fractures or dislocations. Special consideration is needed when evaluating patients with Down syndrome as they are at higher risk for atlantoaxial instability. Determination of when an athlete can return to play is patient-specific with early return to play allowed only in a completely asymptomatic patient. Kleeman LT, Gallizzi MA, Blizzard DJ, Erickson MM. Cervical Spine Injuries in Sports. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):5862.

Cervical Spine Injuries and Their Neurologic Implications

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Marks ◽  
Gordon R. Bell ◽  
Francis R.S. Boumphrey
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries
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