scholarly journals Time-dependent lepto-hadronic modeling of the emission from blazar jets with SOPRANO: the case of TXS 0506+056, 3HSP J095507.9+355101 and 3C 279

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gasparyan ◽  
D Bégué ◽  
N Sahakyan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Isotropic Distribution ◽  
Broadband Spectrum ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Jet Power

Abstract The observation of a very-high-energy neutrino by IceCube (IceCube-170922A) and its association with the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 provided the first multimessenger observations of blazar jets, demonstrating the important role of protons in their dynamics and emission. In this paper, we present SOPRANO, a new conservative implicit kinetic code which follows the time evolution of the isotropic distribution functions of protons, neutrons and the secondaries produced in photo-pion and photo-pair interactions, alongside with the evolution of photon and electron/positron distribution functions. SOPRANO is designed to study leptonic and hadronic processes in relativistic sources such as blazars and gamma-ray bursts. Here, we use SOPRANO to model the broadband spectrum of TXS 0506+056 and 3HSP J095507.9+355101, which are associated with neutrino events, and of the extreme flaring blazar 3C 279. The SEDs are interpreted within the guise of both a hadronic and a hybrid model. We discuss the implications of our assumptions in terms of jet power and neutrino flux.

scholarly journals Supernova remnants in the very–high–energy gamma-ray domain: the role of the Cherenkov telescope array

2017 ◽  
Vol 471 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cristofari ◽  
S. Gabici ◽  
T. B. Humensky ◽  
M. Santander ◽  
R. Terrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Cherenkov Telescope ◽  
High Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals The diffuse neutrino flux from the inner Galaxy: Constraints from very high energy gamma-ray observations☆

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
S GABICI ◽  
A TAYLOR ◽  
R WHITE ◽  
S CASANOVA ◽  
F AHARONIAN
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Monitoring and Multi-Messenger Astronomy with IceCube

Galaxies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
René Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Observation Window ◽  
Large Program ◽  
Astrophysical Neutrinos ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Scientific Results

IceCube currently is the largest neutrino observatory with an instrumented detection volume of 1 km3 buried in the ice-sheet close to the antarctic South Pole station. With a 4 π field of view and an up-time of >99%, it is continuously monitoring the full sky to detect astrophysical neutrinos. With the detection of an astrophysical neutrino flux in 2013, IceCube opened a new observation window to the non-thermal Universe. The IceCube collaboration has a large program to search for astrophysical neutrinos, including measurements of the energy spectrum of the diffuse astrophysical flux, auto- and cross-correlation studies with other multi-messenger particles, and a real-time alert and follow-up system. On 22 September 2017, the IceCube online system sent out an alert reporting a high-energy neutrino event. This alert triggered a series of multi-wavelength follow-up observations that revealed a spatially-coincident blazar TXS 0506+056, which was also in an active flaring state. This correlation was estimated at a 3 σ level. Further observations confirmed the flaring emission in the very-high-energy gamma-ray band. In addition, IceCube found an independent 3.5 σ excess of a time-variable neutrino flux in the direction of TXS 0506+056 two years prior to the alert by examining 9.5 years of archival neutrino data. These are the first multi-messenger observations of an extra-galactic astrophysical source including neutrinos since the observation of the supernova SN1987A. This review summarizes the different detection and analysis channels for astrophysical neutrinos in IceCube, focusing on the multi-messenger program of IceCube and its major scientific results.

scholarly journals Electron–positron pair plasma in TXS 0506+056 and the ‘neutrino flare’ in 2014–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 497 (4) ◽  
pp. 5318-5325
Author(s):  
N Fraija ◽  
E Aguilar-Ruiz ◽  
A Galván-Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Pair Plasma ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Accelerated Protons ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Electron Positron Pair ◽  
Simultaneous Activity

ABSTRACT The detection of a prolonged flaring activity from blazar TXS 0506+056 in temporal and spatial coincidence with the energetic neutrino IceCube-170922A provided evidence about the photohadronic interactions in this source. However, analysis of the archival neutrino and multiwavelength data from the direction of this blazar between 2014 September and 2015 March revealed a ‘neutrino flare’ without observing quasi-simultaneous activity in the gamma-ray bands, posing challenges to established models. Electron–positron (e±) pairs generated from the accretion discs have been amply proposed as a mechanism of bulk acceleration of sub-relativistic and relativistic jets. These pairs annihilate inside the source producing a line around the electron mass, which is blueshifted in the observed frame (on Earth) and redshifted in the frame of the dissipation region of the jet. The redshifted photons in the dissipation region interact with accelerated protons, producing high-energy neutrinos that contribute significantly to the diffuse neutrino flux in the ∼10–20 TeV energy range in connection with gamma-rays from the photopion process, which can be detected by future MeV orbiting satellites. Based on this phenomenological model, we can explain the ‘neutrino flare’ reported in 2014–1015.

scholarly journals Starburst galaxies strike back: a multi-messenger analysis with Fermi-LAT and IceCube data

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (3) ◽  
pp. 4032-4049
Author(s):  
Antonio Ambrosone ◽  
Marco Chianese ◽  
Damiano F G Fiorillo ◽  
Antonio Marinelli ◽  
Gennaro Miele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Starburst Galaxies ◽  
Neutrino Factory ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Astrophysical Objects

ABSTRACT Starburst galaxies, which are known as ‘reservoirs’ of high-energy cosmic-rays, can represent an important high-energy neutrino ‘factory’ contributing to the diffuse neutrino flux observed by IceCube. In this paper, we revisit the constraints affecting the neutrino and gamma-ray hadronuclear emissions from this class of astrophysical objects. In particular, we go beyond the standard prototype-based approach leading to a simple power-law neutrino flux, and investigate a more realistic model based on a data-driven blending of spectral indexes, thereby capturing the observed changes in the properties of individual emitters. We then perform a multi-messenger analysis considering the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) measured by Fermi-LAT and different IceCube data samples: the 7.5-yr high-energy starting events (HESE) and the 6-yr high-energy cascade data. Along with starburst galaxies, we take into account the contributions from blazars and radio galaxies as well as the secondary gamma-rays from electromagnetic cascades. Remarkably, we find that, differently from the highly-constrained prototype scenario, the spectral index blending allows starburst galaxies to account for up to $40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the HESE events at $95.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ CL, while satisfying the limit on the non-blazar EGB component. Moreover, values of $\mathcal {O}(100\, \mathrm{PeV})$ for the maximal energy of accelerated cosmic-rays by supernovae remnants inside the starburst are disfavoured in our scenario. In broad terms, our analysis points out that a better modelling of astrophysical sources could alleviate the tension between neutrino and gamma-ray data interpretation.

scholarly journals A STRONG RADIO BRIGHTENING AT THE JET BASE OF M 87 DURING THE ELEVATED VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY STATE IN 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 788 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hada ◽  
M. Giroletti ◽  
M. Kino ◽  
G. Giovannini ◽  
F. D'Ammando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Future science issues for Galactic very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Torres ◽  
Felix A. Aharonian ◽  
Werner Hofmann ◽  
Frank Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Astronomy ◽  
High Energy Gamma ◽  
Future Science ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High
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