scholarly journals Effects of Nicotine and Nicotine Expectancy on Attentional Bias for Emotional Stimuli

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adams ◽  
A. S. Attwood ◽  
M. R. Munafo
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Emotional Stimuli

scholarly journals Engagement and disengagement components of attentional bias to emotional stimuli in anxiety and depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 204380872094375
Author(s):  
Andreas Blicher ◽  
Marie Louise Reinholdt-Dunne ◽  
Morten Hvenegaard ◽  
Clas Winding ◽  
Anders Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Assessment Task ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Attentional Avoidance ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement

Previous research shows that attentional bias is associated with emotional difficulties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the engagement and disengagement components of attentional bias to emotional stimuli in anxiety and depression using the attentional assessment task. The experimental groups consisted of 54 clinical participants in treatment for anxiety or depression and 54 control participants. The results indicated that the clinical participants showed greater levels of attentional avoidance of emotional stimuli than the control participants. Additional subgroup analyses suggested that this effect may be limited to symptoms of anxiety and not symptoms of depression. Results are discussed in relation to current models of information processing in emotional disorders.

scholarly journals Attentional bias for positive emotional stimuli: A meta-analytic investigation.

2016 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Pool ◽  
Tobias Brosch ◽  
Sylvain Delplanque ◽  
David Sander
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Analytic Investigation

scholarly journals The Role of Attentional Bias in Excessive Food Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dayna Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Distraction Effect ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Food Images ◽  
Trait Factors ◽  
High Calorie

<p>New Zealand obesity rates have reached epidemic proportions. Excessive eating not only harms individual health, but also the NZ economy; health-related costs soar with rising obesity rates. The need to understand possible mechanisms driving excessive eating behaviour is now crucial. One cognitive mechanism thought to contribute to excessive eating is an attentional bias towards food stimuli. We propose this bias would be similar to the attentional bias that is consistently shown with emotional stimuli (e.g. erotic and mutilation images). In this thesis I examined attentional biases towards food stimuli and how they relate to both state (hunger) and trait (waist circumference) factors. In Experiment 1, I investigated the existence of a food-related attentional bias and whether this bias is stronger towards high calorie food images, compared to low-calorie and non-food images (household objects). Participants were asked to fast for 2 hours (to promote self-reported hunger) before completing a distraction task. This task has repeatedly shown an attentional bias to high arousal emotional images (erotic and mutilation scenes). On each trial, participants had to determine whether a target letter was a ‘K’ or an ‘N’, while ignoring centrally-presented distractors (high calorie, low calorie and household object images). Compared to scrambled images, all image types were similarly distracting. We found no support for the existence of an attentional bias towards food stimuli; nor did we find a significant association between the bias and either state or trait factors. Experiment 2 sought to conceptually replicate Cunningham & Egeth (2018) who found significant support for the existence of a food-related attentional bias. Participants completed a similar task. However, distractor relevance was manipulated by incorporating both central and peripheral distractors, to increase ecological validity. Additionally, participants were asked to fast for longer (4 hours) to increase self-reported hunger. Despite a significant distraction effect (participants were more distracted on distractor present vs. distractor absent trials) and distractor-location effect (participants were more distracted by central vs. peripheral distractors), participants did not exhibit an attentional bias towards food stimuli. Furthermore, no significant associations between the bias and either state or trait factors were found. Thus, food stimuli do not appear to rapidly capture attention the way that emotional stimuli do, at least not in this task. Future research is needed to clarify the role of cognitive mechanisms in excessive eating behaviour.</p>

Attentional bias toward emotional stimuli in accidentally injured Chinese patients with different posttraumatic growth levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1125-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
An-Nuo Liu ◽  
Lu-Lu Wang ◽  
Ting-Ting Yan ◽  
Juan Gong ◽  
Hong-Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Emotional Stimuli

scholarly journals Spatial Anticipatory Attentional Bias for Threat: Reliable Individual Differences with RT-based Online Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Edward Gladwin ◽  
Matthijs Vink
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Online Measurement ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Visual Probe ◽  
Online Data Collection

Cues that predict the future location of emotional stimuli may evoke an anticipatory form of automatic attentional bias. The reliability of this bias towards threat is uncertain: experimental design may need to be optimized or individual differences may simply be relatively noisy in the general population. The current study therefore aimed to determine the split-half reliability of the bias, in a design with fewer factors and more trials than in previous work. A sample of 63 participants was used for analysis, who performed the cued Visual Probe Task online, which aims to measure an anticipatory attentional bias. The overall bias towards threat was tested and split-half reliability was calculated over even and odd blocks. Results showed a significant bias towards threat and a reliability of around .7. The results support systematic individual differences in anticipatory attentional bias and demonstrate that RT-based bias scores, with online data collection, can be reliable.

Anxiety and Attention: Is There an Attentional Bias for Positive Emotional Stimuli?

1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Ruiz-Caballero ◽  
José Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Emotional Stimuli

scholarly journals Attentional Bias for Emotional Stimuli in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Kaiser ◽  
Gitta A. Jacob ◽  
Gregor Domes ◽  
Arnoud Arntz
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Emotional Stimuli

Callous-unemotional traits and the attentional bias towards emotional stimuli: Testing the moderating role of emotional and behavioural problems among high-risk adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-173
Author(s):  
Edina Szabó ◽  
József Halász ◽  
Antony Morgan ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics ◽  
Gyöngyi Kökönyei
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Antisocial Youth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Former studies demonstrated that antisocial youth with callous-unemotional (CU) traits are impaired in the processing of negative emotional stimuli. The aim of the current study was to explore the moderating role of different behavioural (i.e. conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention) and emotional problems (i.e. internalizing symptoms) in the relationship between CU traits and attentional bias towards emotional stimuli. Besides using self-report measures, attentional bias was tested by an affective dot-probe task in a high-risk sample of 102 adolescent boys ( M age = 16.34 years; SD = 1.32). CU traits were related to reduced attention to emotionally distressing pictures. Furthermore, conduct problems significantly moderated the relationship between CU traits and attention to distress cues. These findings highlight the importance of considering potential moderators to the well-established link between CU traits and deficits in response to negative emotional cues.

scholarly journals The Role of Attentional Bias in Excessive Food Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dayna Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Distraction Effect ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Food Images ◽  
Trait Factors ◽  
High Calorie

<p>New Zealand obesity rates have reached epidemic proportions. Excessive eating not only harms individual health, but also the NZ economy; health-related costs soar with rising obesity rates. The need to understand possible mechanisms driving excessive eating behaviour is now crucial. One cognitive mechanism thought to contribute to excessive eating is an attentional bias towards food stimuli. We propose this bias would be similar to the attentional bias that is consistently shown with emotional stimuli (e.g. erotic and mutilation images). In this thesis I examined attentional biases towards food stimuli and how they relate to both state (hunger) and trait (waist circumference) factors. In Experiment 1, I investigated the existence of a food-related attentional bias and whether this bias is stronger towards high calorie food images, compared to low-calorie and non-food images (household objects). Participants were asked to fast for 2 hours (to promote self-reported hunger) before completing a distraction task. This task has repeatedly shown an attentional bias to high arousal emotional images (erotic and mutilation scenes). On each trial, participants had to determine whether a target letter was a ‘K’ or an ‘N’, while ignoring centrally-presented distractors (high calorie, low calorie and household object images). Compared to scrambled images, all image types were similarly distracting. We found no support for the existence of an attentional bias towards food stimuli; nor did we find a significant association between the bias and either state or trait factors. Experiment 2 sought to conceptually replicate Cunningham & Egeth (2018) who found significant support for the existence of a food-related attentional bias. Participants completed a similar task. However, distractor relevance was manipulated by incorporating both central and peripheral distractors, to increase ecological validity. Additionally, participants were asked to fast for longer (4 hours) to increase self-reported hunger. Despite a significant distraction effect (participants were more distracted on distractor present vs. distractor absent trials) and distractor-location effect (participants were more distracted by central vs. peripheral distractors), participants did not exhibit an attentional bias towards food stimuli. Furthermore, no significant associations between the bias and either state or trait factors were found. Thus, food stimuli do not appear to rapidly capture attention the way that emotional stimuli do, at least not in this task. Future research is needed to clarify the role of cognitive mechanisms in excessive eating behaviour.</p>

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