scholarly journals Health Warning Labels for Smokeless Tobacco: The Impact of Graphic Images on Attention, Recall, and Craving

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1172-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Klein ◽  
Amanda J Quisenberry ◽  
Abigail B Shoben ◽  
Sarah Cooper ◽  
Amy K Ferketich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Graphic Images ◽  
The Impact

Reclaiming the value of pictorial health warning labels in Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-591
Author(s):  
Nour A Obeidat ◽  
Mai Al-Hadid ◽  
Asma A Hatoqai ◽  
Rawan A Shihab ◽  
Feras I Hawari
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Graphic Images ◽  
Vicarious Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

BackgroundIn Jordan, four non-graphic pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) concerning a limited selection of tobacco-caused harms have been used since 2011; however, research suggests that they may be ineffective.ObjectivesTo explore Jordanian smokers’ reactions to novel PHWLs featuring various health themes and/or graphic and symbolic imagery and to discuss existing PHWLs in light of the novel PHWLs.MethodsWe conducted 14 focus groups (FGs) with smokers who assessed 12 novel PHWLs and commented on four existing PHWLs. Data were analysed using an inductive approach.ResultsSix themes emerged from the FG discussions: understanding the overall meaning of PHWLs, the impact of graphic images, magnitude and controllability of harm, personal or vicarious experiences, the futility of quitting and fatalism. PHWLs depicting graphic respiratory and oral tobacco-caused harms resonated with most smokers. Smokers also sought direct, harm-specific taglines when trying to understand the overall PHWL. Some smokers viewed the PHWLs as exaggerated, and while the majority acknowledged that smoking was harmful, they felt that PHWLs would not accomplish their goal of inducing quitting.ConclusionsOur findings support the use of graphic imagery to communicate tobacco-caused harms (particularly respiratory ones) and the use of specific taglines explaining the mechanism of harm depicted.

scholarly journals Health warning labels and alcohol selection: an experiment in a naturalistic shopping laboratory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Anna Katherine Mary Blackwell ◽  
Katie De-loyde ◽  
Emily Pechey ◽  
Alice Hobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
The Impact

Background and aims Health warning labels (HWLs) on tobacco products reduce smoking. There is an absence of evidence concerning the impact of alcohol HWLs on selection or purchasing in naturalistic settings. Using a commercial-standard naturalistic shopping laboratory, this study aimed to estimate the impact on selection of alcoholic drinks of HWLs describing adverse health consequences of excessive alcohol consumption.DesignA between-subjects randomised experiment with three groups: Group 1: image-and-text HWL; Group 2: text-only HWL; Group 3: no HWL.SettingA commercial-standard naturalistic shopping laboratory. Participants Adults (n=399) over the age of 18, who purchased beer or wine weekly to drink at home. InterventionsParticipants were randomised to one of three groups varying in the HWL displayed on the packaging of the alcoholic drinks: i. image-and-text HWL; ii. text-only HWL; iii. no HWL. Participants completed a shopping task, selecting items from a range of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, and snacks. MeasurementThe primary outcome was the proportion of alcoholic drinks selected. Secondary outcomes included HWL ratings on negative emotional arousal and label acceptability.FindingsThere was no clear evidence of a difference in the HWL groups for the percentage of drinks selected that were alcoholic compared to no HWL (44%): image-and-text HWL: 46% (OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.82,1.42); text-only HWL: 41% (OR=0.87, 95%CI=0.67,1.14). Concordant with there being no difference between groups, there was extreme evidence in favour of the null hypothesis (Bayes factor [BF] < 0.01). Negative emotional arousal was higher (p< 0.001) and acceptability lower (p< 0.001) in the image-and-text HWL group, compared to the text-only HWL group. ConclusionsIn a naturalistic shopping laboratory, health warning labels describing the adverse health consequences of excessive alcohol consumption did not change selection behaviour.

scholarly journals Alcohol pictorial health warning labels: the impact of self-affirmation and health warning severity

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Sillero-Rejon ◽  
Angela S. Attwood ◽  
Anna K. M. Blackwell ◽  
José-Angel Ibáñez-Zapata ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals An examination of the effectiveness of health warning labels on smokeless tobacco products in four states in India: findings from the TCP India cohort survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Geoffrey T. Fong ◽  
Pete Driezen ◽  
Steve Xu ◽  
Anne C. K. Quah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products

Impact of Image-and-text and Text-only Health Warning Labels on Selection and Consumption of Food and Alcohol Products: Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Emily Pechey ◽  
Daina Kosīte ◽  
Laura M König ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Reducing harmful consumption of food (including non-alcoholic drinks) and alcoholic drinks would prevent much disease. Evidence from tobacco control shows that placing health warning labels (HWLs) on these products reduces their selection and consumption. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted using Cochrane methods to assess the impact on selection (including hypothetical selection) or consumption of food or alcoholic drinks with image-and-text (sometimes termed ‘pictorial’) and text-only HWLs placed on these products. Studies were required to be randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials. Fourteen studies were included, three on alcohol, eleven on food. For our primary outcomes, eleven studies measured selection and one measured consumption (two measured only other secondary outcomes). Meta-analysis of twelve comparisons from nine studies (n=12,635) found HWLs reduced selection of the targeted product compared to a control group with no HWL (RR=0.74 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.80)), with participants 26% less likely to choose a product displaying a HWL. A planned subgroup analysis suggested a larger effect on selection of image-and-text HWLs (RR=0.65 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.80)) than text-only HWLs (RR=0.79 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.85)), but this difference was not statistically significant. These findings suggest significant potential for HWLs to reduce selection of food and alcohol, but all experimental studies to date were conducted in laboratory or online settings with outcomes assessed immediately after a single exposure. Studies in field and more naturalistic laboratory settings are urgently needed to estimate the potential effects of HWLs on food and alcohol.

scholarly journals The impact of the 2009/2010 enhancement of cigarette health warning labels in Uruguay: longitudinal findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Uruguay Survey

2014 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2014-051742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Pete Driezen ◽  
Mary McNally ◽  
James F Thrasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of ‘on-pack’ pictorial health warning labels and calorie information labels on drink choice: A laboratory experiment

Appetite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 104484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Saphsa Codling ◽  
Olivia Sexton ◽  
Gareth J. Hollands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Health Warning Labels for Swedish Snus Advertisements on Young Adults’ Snus Perceptions and Behavioral Intentions

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Mays ◽  
Meghan B. Moran ◽  
David T. Levy ◽  
Raymond S. Niaura
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swedish Snus

scholarly journals Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: an online experimental study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Emily Pechey ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
Anna Katherine Mary Blackwell ◽  
Katie De-loyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Science ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Online Setting ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Dense Food ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Data Analysis Plan

BackgroundExcessive consumption of energy-dense food increases the risk of obesity, which in turn increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes and most non-smoking-related cancers. Health warning labels (HWLs) that communicate the adverse health consequences of excess energy consumption could reduce intake of energy-dense foods. The aim of the current study was to estimate the impact on selection of energy-dense snacks of (a) image-and-text HWLs (b) text-only HWLs and (c) calorie information. Methods A between-subjects, 3 (HWL: image-and-text, text-only, no label) x 2 (calorie information: present, absent), factorial experimental design. Participants (N=4,134) were randomised to view a selection of energy-dense and non-energy-dense snacks with one of five label types or no label. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants selecting an energy-dense snack in a hypothetical vending machine task.ResultsThe proportion of participants selecting an energy-dense snack was reduced in all label groups, relative to the no label group (image-and-text HWL: 37%; image-and-text HWL with calories: 38%; text-only HWL: 48%; text-only HWL with calories: 44%; calories only: 54%; no label: 59%). Participants were least likely to select an energy-dense snack in the image-and-text HWL group and most likely in the no label group (OR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.40, 0.54, p < 0.001).Conclusions Health warning labels – particularly those including an image and text - have the potential to reduce selection of energy-dense snacks in an online setting. Their impact on selection and consumption in real-world settings awaits testing.Trial registration: The study protocol (https://osf.io/6n7h9, registered: April 1st 2019) and data analysis plan (https://osf.io/zvrs5) were pre-registered on the Open Science Framework. KeywordsHealth warning labels, pictorial labels, graphic warnings, snacks, food, choice architecture, energy-dense

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