scholarly journals An introductory review of resistant starch type 2 from high-amylose cereal grains and its effect on glucose and insulin homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 748-764
Author(s):  
Kathryn F Harris
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Improve Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Insulin Control ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates

Abstract Refined carbohydrates result from milling techniques that remove the outer layers of a cereal grain and grind the endosperm into a flour ingredient that is devoid of dietary fiber. Technologies have been developed to produce high-amylose cereal grains that have a significantly higher resistant starch type 2 and thus dietary fiber content in the endosperm of the cereal grain, which has positive implications for human health. A review of the literature was conducted to study the effects of resistant starch type 2 derived from high-amylose grains on glucose and insulin response. While thousands of articles have been published on resistant starch, only 30 articles have focused on how resistant starch type 2 from high-amylose grains affects acute and long-term responses of glucose and insulin control. The findings showed that resistant starch has the ability to attenuate acute postprandial responses when replacing rapidly digestible carbohydrate sources, but there is insufficient evidence to conclude that resistant starch can improve insulin resistance and/or sensitivity.

scholarly journals Critical roles of soluble starch synthase SSIIIa and granule-bound starch synthase Waxy in synthesizing resistant starch in rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (45) ◽  
pp. 12844-12849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongju Zhou ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Guifu Liu ◽  
Xiangbing Meng ◽  
Yanhui Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Lipid Complex ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Granule Structure ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

Changes in human lifestyle and food consumption have resulted in a large increase in the incidence of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and colon disease, especially in Asia. These conditions are a growing threat to human health, but consumption of foods high in resistant starch (RS) can potentially reduce their incidence. Strategies to increase RS in rice are limited by a lack of knowledge of its molecular basis. Through map-based cloning of a RS locus in indica rice, we have identified a defective soluble starch synthase gene (SSIIIa) responsible for RS production and further showed that RS production is dependent on the high expression of the Waxya (Wxa) allele, which is prevalent in indica varieties. The resulting RS has modified granule structure; high amylose, lipid, and amylose–lipid complex; and altered physicochemical properties. This discovery provides an opportunity to increase RS content of cooked rice, especially in the indica varieties, which predominates in southern Asia.

scholarly journals Resistant starch and other dietary fiber components in tubers from a high-amylose potato

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Mariette Andersson ◽  
Roger Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Fiber Components ◽  
High Amylose

227-OR: The Effect of Dietary Fiber in Combination with Metformin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 227-OR
Author(s):  
FLAVIA TRAMONTANA ◽  
ERNESTO MADDALONI ◽  
SARA GRECI ◽  
GIUSEPPE DEFEUDIS ◽  
ROCKY STROLLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Metformin Therapy

scholarly journals Comparison of Indices of Carbohydrate Quality and Food Sources of Dietary Fiber on Longitudinal Changes in Waist Circumference in the Framingham Offspring Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Caleigh M. Sawicki ◽  
Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽  
Gail T. Rogers ◽  
Paul F. Jacques ◽  
Jiantao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Offspring Cohort ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
Cereal Fiber

The long-term impact of carbohydrate quality on abdominal weight gain is not fully understood. We aimed to examine the prospective relation of a carbohydrate quality index (CQI; defined by four criteria: dietary fiber, glycemic index, whole grain-to-total grain ratio, and solid-to-total carbohydrate ratio), total, cereal grain, vegetable, and fruit fiber, carbohydrate-to-total fiber ratio, and carbohydrate-to-cereal fiber ratio with changes in waist circumference (WC). Subjects were middle-aged to older, mostly white, participants in the Framingham Offspring cohort (n = 3101 subjects), with mean baseline age 54.9 ± 0.2 years (mean ± SE) and body mass index (BMI) 27.2 ± 0.1 kg/m2. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), health, and lifestyle data were collected approximately every four years over a median total follow-up of 18 years. Repeated measure mixed models were used to estimate adjusted mean change in WC per four-year interval across quartiles of carbohydrate variables. In the most adjusted model, a higher CQI was marginally associated with a smaller increase in WC (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 cm in highest vs. lowest quartile, p-trend = 0.04). Higher ratios of carbohydrate-to-fiber and carbohydrate-to-cereal fiber were associated with greater increases in WC per four-year interval (2.6 ± 0.1 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001, and 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.1 ± 0.1 cm in highest versus lowest categories, p-trend = 0.007, respectively); whereas higher intake of total fiber (1.8 ± 0.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001), cereal fiber (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.5 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend = 0.001), and fruit fiber (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001) were associated with smaller increases in WC compared to lower intakes. There was a significant interaction between total fiber and total carbohydrate (as % of total energy intake). After stratification, the association between fiber intake and change in WC was not maintained in the context of a high carbohydrate diet. Better carbohydrate quality, primarily higher fiber intake and lower carbohydrate-to-fiber ratios, may help attenuate increases in abdominal adiposity over time.

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