scholarly journals Comparison of Indices of Carbohydrate Quality and Food Sources of Dietary Fiber on Longitudinal Changes in Waist Circumference in the Framingham Offspring Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Caleigh M. Sawicki ◽  
Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽  
Gail T. Rogers ◽  
Paul F. Jacques ◽  
Jiantao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Offspring Cohort ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
Cereal Fiber

The long-term impact of carbohydrate quality on abdominal weight gain is not fully understood. We aimed to examine the prospective relation of a carbohydrate quality index (CQI; defined by four criteria: dietary fiber, glycemic index, whole grain-to-total grain ratio, and solid-to-total carbohydrate ratio), total, cereal grain, vegetable, and fruit fiber, carbohydrate-to-total fiber ratio, and carbohydrate-to-cereal fiber ratio with changes in waist circumference (WC). Subjects were middle-aged to older, mostly white, participants in the Framingham Offspring cohort (n = 3101 subjects), with mean baseline age 54.9 ± 0.2 years (mean ± SE) and body mass index (BMI) 27.2 ± 0.1 kg/m2. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), health, and lifestyle data were collected approximately every four years over a median total follow-up of 18 years. Repeated measure mixed models were used to estimate adjusted mean change in WC per four-year interval across quartiles of carbohydrate variables. In the most adjusted model, a higher CQI was marginally associated with a smaller increase in WC (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 cm in highest vs. lowest quartile, p-trend = 0.04). Higher ratios of carbohydrate-to-fiber and carbohydrate-to-cereal fiber were associated with greater increases in WC per four-year interval (2.6 ± 0.1 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001, and 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.1 ± 0.1 cm in highest versus lowest categories, p-trend = 0.007, respectively); whereas higher intake of total fiber (1.8 ± 0.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001), cereal fiber (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.5 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend = 0.001), and fruit fiber (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001) were associated with smaller increases in WC compared to lower intakes. There was a significant interaction between total fiber and total carbohydrate (as % of total energy intake). After stratification, the association between fiber intake and change in WC was not maintained in the context of a high carbohydrate diet. Better carbohydrate quality, primarily higher fiber intake and lower carbohydrate-to-fiber ratios, may help attenuate increases in abdominal adiposity over time.

scholarly journals Sources of Dietary Fiber and the Association of Fiber Intake with Childhood Obesity Risk (in 2–18 Year Olds) and Diabetes Risk of Adolescents 12–18 Year Olds: NHANES 2003–2006

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Brauchla ◽  
WenYen Juan ◽  
Jon Story ◽  
Sibylle Kranz
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fiber Density

Increased fiber intake has been linked with lower risk of overweight and obesity in adults, but data are sparse for children. To address this issue, NHANES 2003–2006 data was used to evaluate (1) the food sources of fiber in children, (2) the dietary fiber density levels and risk of being classified as overweight/obese, and (3) the association between fiber intake level and impaired glucose metabolism in children. Analyses were restricted to the subsample of children with biological plausible diet reports (N=4,667) and stratified by 2–11 year olds (n=2072) and 12–18 year olds (n=2595). Results showed that the food sources are predominantly foods that are low in dietary fiber, but are consumed at high levels. In 2–18 year old plausible reporters, the risk for overweight/obesity decreased by 17% from children in the medium tertile of fiber density intake compared to the lowest tertile (OR=0.83,Pvalue = 0.043) and by 21% between the highest compared to the lowest tertile (OR=0.79,Pvalue = 0.031). There was a protective effect of being in the medium tertile of dietary fiber density (OR=0.68,Pvalue <0.001) on impaired glucose metabolism. These results indicate a beneficial effect of higher fiber density in children’s diets.

scholarly journals Asupan lemak jenuh dan serat pada remaja obesitas kaitannya dengan sindrom metabolik

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Nurmasari Widyastuti ◽  
Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽  
Deny Yudi Fitranti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

Background: There is an emerging global increase of metabolic syndrome prevalence due to increasing of obesity. Obesity and metabolic syndrome beginning in childhood progressing into adulthood.  Dietary saturated fat and fiber intake play a role in etiology in obesity.Objective: This study was to examine the associations between dietary saturated fat intake, fiber intake and components of metabolic syndrome among obese adolescents.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to 57 obese students aged 13-15 years old of SMP Nasima and SMP Kesatrian 2 Semarang, based on body mass index for ages. Subjects of this study were collected consecutively. Data were collected through waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, fasting biochemical serum analysis and dietary intake assessment.  Rank Spearman and Pearson correlation test was used to examine the associations between of dietary saturated fat and fiber intake to components of metabolic syndrome.Results: There were 46 subjects (80,7 %) had metabolic syndrome and 11 subjects (19,3 %) had the pre-metabolic syndrome. There was no association between dietary saturated fat intake and waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose levels and blood pressure. Fiber intake was negatively associated with blood triglyceride levels (r = -0.340; p = 0.01).Conclusion: There was no association between dietary saturated fat intake and components of metabolic syndrome. There was an association between dietary fiber intake with blood triglyceride levels. Dietary fiber intake has an important role in lipid metabolism.

Abstract MP61: Dietary Fiber Intake and Mortality Among Myocardial Infarction Survivors

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Alan Flint ◽  
Jennifer Pai ◽  
John Forman ◽  
Frank Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Fiber Post ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cereal Fiber

Background: Dietary fiber is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease in healthy populations. It is unclear whether higher consumption of dietary fiber after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with lower mortality. Objective: To evaluate the associations of dietary fiber post-MI and changes from pre- to post- with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Design: The Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) are two large prospective cohort studies of US women and men with repeated dietary measurements. We included 2,258 women and 1,840 men who were free of cardiovascular disease, stroke or cancer at enrollment, survived a first MI during follow up, were free of stroke at the time of initial MI onset, and provided both pre-MI and at least one post-MI food frequency questionnaire. We evaluated the associations of dietary fiber post-MI and changes from pre- to post- with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for medication use, medical history, and lifestyles factors. Results: Higher post-MI fiber intake was significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality (Comparing extreme quintiles, pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.58-0.97). Greater intake of cereal fiber was more strongly associated with all-cause mortality (Pooled HR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.58-0.91) than were other sources of dietary fiber. Increased fiber intake from pre- to post- was significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality (Pooled HR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.55-0.87). Conclusions: In this prospective study of MI survivors, greater post-MI intake of dietary fiber, especially cereal fiber, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. In addition, increasing consumption of fiber from pre- to post-MI periods was significantly associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

scholarly journals Total Dietary Fiber, and Selected Vegetable, Fruit, Legume and Cereal Fiber Intake and Risk of Heart Attack in Periodontitis Subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Nelson Wood
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cereal Fiber ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Periodontal Attachment Loss

Background: Epidemiological studies have found an association between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease(Arbes, Slade et al. 1999; Beck, Elter et al. 2001; Genco, Offenbacher et al. 2002), and have even implicated periodontal disease as a risk factor(Arbes, Slade et al. 1999; Beck, Elter et al. 2001), however have not proven causality(Hujoel, Drangholt et al. 2000). Although dietary amounts, sources, and types (soluble versus insoluble) of fiber have been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack (Liu, Buring et al. 2002; Negri, Vecchia et al. 2003), this author is unaware of studies that have examined the association between food sources of dietary fiber and heart attack risk in subjects with periodontitis. This study was designed to determine whether total dietary fiber and fiber from different plant sources (vegetables, fruits, legumes, or cereals) modified self-reported HA risk, as well as acute-phase inflammatory responses in subjects with periodontitis using NHANES III data.Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between total dietary fiber intake levels, and selected vegetables, fruits, legumes, and cereal fiber intake and the risk of self-reported history of heart attack (HA) in periodontitis subjects using data available in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Materials and Methods: Adult participants in NHANES III were used in this study. Zero to thirty three (0-33) percent of sites with periodontal attachment loss > 3 mm was considered a healthy periodontium, while greater than thirty three percent (>33) of sites with periodontal attachment loss of > 3 mm as periodontitis. The outcome variable was the self-reported history of HA. Total dietary fiber, and monthly selected vegetable, fruit, legume and cereal consumption were divided into low and adequate levels. Data was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and multivariate analyses using SPSS ®. P<0.05 was used to reject the null hypothesis.Results: Individuals with periodontitis, that consumed low levels of the selected vegetables and fruits had a significantly increased risk of self-reported HA for: low total dietary fiber intake levels(P<0.005); low levels of selected vegetables - low broccoli and any other vegetables(P<0.01); Brussels sprouts, carrots, cabbages, spinach and tossed salads(P<0.05), and low selected fruits – citrus fruits, peaches/nectarines and any other fruits(P<0.05), adjusting for confounders of both diseases and energy (Kcal). Adjusting the model further for serum antioxidants, dietary cholesterol and other fat intake maintained a significantly higher HA risk for: low total dietary fiber intake levels(P<0.05); low levels of selected vegetables - low broccoli, spinach(P<0.05) and any other vegetables(P=0.05); but significantly increased HA risk with low all-bran cereal(P<0.05). Serum CRP and creatinine, and plasma fibrinogen, were significantly affected by fiber quantity and source in periodontitis versus healthy periodontium subjects, and in periodontitis and healthy periodontium subjects individually(P<0.05) Conclusions: It is theorized that subjects with periodontitis that consume inadequate levels of total dietary fiber, and inadequate fiber from selected vegetables, fruits, legumes, and cereals are likely to increase their risk of heart attack.Keywords: Dietary Fiber, Periodontitis, Heart Attack

scholarly journals Intake of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables, and risk of diverticulitis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Long H. Nguyen ◽  
Mingyang Song ◽  
Manol Jovani ◽  
Po-Hong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Reduced Risk

ABSTRACTBackground & AimsAlthough low fiber intake has been considered a risk factor for diverticulitis, prospective evidence is limited and conflicting, with little known about variation in the protective effects according to food sources. We assessed the associations of intakes of fiber and major food sources of fiber including fruits and vegetables with risk of diverticulitis.MethodsWe followed 50,019 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (1990-2014) and 48,292 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2014) who were free of diverticulitis, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease at baseline. Incident diverticulitis was identified through self-report with validity confirmed by review of medical records.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up time of 22 years, we documented 4,343 incident cases of diverticulitis in women and 1,142 cases in men. Compared to participants in the lowest quintile, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of diverticulitis in the highest quintile of total fiber intake were 0.86 (0.78-0.95; P-trend=0.002) among women and 0.63 (0.51-0.79; P-trend<0.001) among men. Fiber from different food sources, except for vegetable fiber in women, was associated with a decreased risk of diverticulitis. Furthermore, total whole fruit intake was associated with reduced risk of diverticulitis in both cohorts with a multivariable HR for diverticulitis of 0.95 (0.92-0.98; P-trend<0.001) in women and 0.91 (0.86-0.96; P-trend<0.001) in men for every serving increase of total whole fruit intake per day.ConclusionsHigher intake of dietary fiber and fiber from different food sources are associated with a lower risk of diverticulitis. A greater intake of whole fruit is also associated with reduced risk.

Association of dietary fiber and risk of hip fracture in men from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study and the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110117
Author(s):  
Zhaoli Dai ◽  
Vasant Hirani ◽  
Shivani Sahni ◽  
David T. Felson ◽  
Vasi Naganathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Offspring Cohort ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Original Cohort

Background: Data in the Offspring Framingham Osteoporosis Study (FOS) suggested that higher intake of dietary fiber was modestly protective against loss of bone mineral density at the femoral neck in men but not in women. Aim: To examine the relationship of fiber intake with risk of hip fractures in men. Methods: We included 367 men from the FOS Original cohort, 1730 men from the FOS Offspring cohort, and 782 men from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) in the analysis. Incident fractures were defined as medically confirmed first occurrence of osteoporotic fractures at the proximal femur. Fiber intake was estimated via a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) or diet history. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk in meta-analysis. Results: Seventy-two incident hip fractures were identified, of which 24 occurred in the FOS Original cohort [mean (SD): age 75.3 (5.1) years; follow-up time: 8.5 (6.2) years; dietary fiber: 19 (8) (g/d)], 19 in the FOS Offspring cohort [58.8 (9.8) years; 11.0 (5.9) years; 19 (8) (g/d)], and 29 in CHAMP [81.4 (4.5) years; 5.2 (1.5) years; 28 (10) (g/d)]. We did not find significant associations within each cohort between fiber intake and risk of hip fractures. The pooled HR (95% CI) was 0.80 (0.39, 1.66) comparing energy-adjusted dietary fiber at tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 (I2 = 0, p = 0.56). Conclusion: These data suggested that dietary fiber was not associated with risk of incident hip fractures in men.

Abstract MP23: Carbohydrate Quality and Quantity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among US Women

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala B AlEssa ◽  
Randy Cohen ◽  
Sally N Adebamowo ◽  
Vasanti S Malik ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
Cereal Fiber ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Poor carbohydrate quality has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), however the association between the novel carbohydrate to fiber ratio and CHD is unknown. Objective: To prospectively examine the relationship between various carbohydrate quality measures, including the carbohydrate to fiber ratios, and incident CHD in US women. Methods: Dietary and lifestyle behavior data were prospectively collected (1984-2012) in 71,639 women of the Nurses’ Health Study at baseline and every 2-4 years. Participants were free of diabetes, cancer or cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between carbohydrate quality measures and incident CHD. Results: After 24 years (1,905,240 person-years) of follow-up, we identified 3,267 cases of incident CHD. After adjusting for age, BMI, lifestyle and dietary variables, carbohydrate (RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.89-1.14, P-trend=0.76), starch (RR=1.11, 95% CI: 0.97 - 1.27, P-trend=0.13) and total fiber intake (RR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.77 - 1.01, P-trend=0.23) were not associated with incident CHD, comparing extreme quintiles of intake. Cereal fiber intake was associated with reduced risk of CHD (RR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.67 - 0.85, P-trend < 0.0001), comparing extreme quintiles of intake, but fruit and vegetable fiber were not associated with incident CHD. In fully adjusted models, the carbohydrate to total fiber (RR=1.08, 95%CI: 0.96 - 1.22, P-trend=0.27) and the starch to total fiber ratios (RR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.84 - 1.08, P-trend=0.80) were not associated with incident CHD, but the carbohydrate to cereal fiber and the starch to cereal fiber ratios were associated with increased risk of CHD (RR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.06 -1.33, P-trend=0.002, and RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.09-1.39, P-trend <0.0001, respectively), comparing extreme quintiles of intake. Conclusion: Dietary cereal fiber appears to be an important component of carbohydrate quality. The carbohydrate to cereal fiber and the starch to cereal fiber ratios, but not the carbohydrate to total fiber ratio, were associated with an increased risk of CHD.

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