Anne Askew

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
John Bale ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
John Foxe ◽  
Untimely Death ◽  
Radical Reformation ◽  
Anne Askew ◽  
Church Policy

Anne Askew was born of a notable Lincolnshire family and became a Protestant voice of radical reformation at the end of the reign of Henry VIII. According to Bale, Askew was compelled to marry Thomas Kyme as a substitute for her sister’s prior betrothal upon her untimely death. Askew sought a divorce after Kyme drove her from their home for her unorthodox beliefs. It is likely that her vocal criticisms of church policy regarding demonstrations of faith brought her to the attention of the bishops. She was first interrogated by Bishop Bonner and subsequently released before being re-captured. During her second imprisonment, Bishop Gardiner and Chancellor Wriothesley conducted the interrogation and torture, which historians generally attribute to the effort to prove the Protestant leanings of Henry VIII’s last queen. The unusual torture Askew endured as a gentlewoman has been understood to suggest her direct affiliation with the circle of Katherine Parr. In 1546, at age twenty-five, she was burned at the stake as a heretic. She became a significant martyr when John Bale and John Foxe published accounts of her interrogation, imprisonment, and torture. Askew is known almost exclusively from the two narratives she wrote of her interrogations: The first examinacyon (1546) discusses her beliefs and her efforts to frustrate her interrogators; The lattre examinacyon (1547) describes her re-arrest and the judicial torture she endured along with interrogation leading to her execution. John Bale first published her works along with commentary and framing, which supply much of the biographical information about Askew that remains available.

Racking the Body, Shaping the Text: The Account of Anne Askew in Foxes “Book of Martyrs”*

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (4-Part1) ◽  
pp. 1165-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Freeman ◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Wall
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
John Bale ◽  
John Foxe ◽  
Anne Askew

Current scholarship on Anne Askew has tended to disparage the editorial tactics of John Bale, her first editor, as intrusive and distorting. In contrast, the reprinting of her text by John Foxe, in his “Book of Martyrs, “ has been commended for its lack of editorial intervention. Yet afresh consideration of Foxes work with Askew's narrative suggests that Foxe's shaping force in the text was as strong as Bale's, if more subtle. Furthermore, attempts to locate Askew's authorial agency within one text or the other impose modern ideas about authorship on a period in which such ideas were still being formed.

John Bale and the Development of Protestant Hagiography in England

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Fairfield
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
John Bale ◽  
John Foxe ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Golden Legend ◽  
Anne Askew ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scholarly Attention

One of the consequences of the Reformation in England (as elsewhere) was that for Protestants, at least, the image of sainthood changed considerably. Erasmus'sColloquieshad poked fun at the kind of saint honoured by theGolden Legend; and Thomas Cromwell drove the point home in his Injunctions of 1536 and 1538. ‘New occasions teach new duties, time makes ancient good uncouth …’ and a new cause naturally creates its new heroes. The changing conception of sainthood in sixteenth-century England, culminating in Foxe'sActes and Monuments,has attracted not a little modern scholarly attention, as for example in Helen C. White'sTudor Books of Saints and Martyrs.But one pivotal figure in this development deserves more intensive study: John Bale (1495–1563), the famous antiquary, dramatist and protestant propagandist. In the 1540s Bale published works on two protestant ‘saints’—Sir John Oldcastle and Mistress Anne Askew—which did much to imprint the new definition of sainthood on the English mind. For these little tracts alone (and particularly in the light of Bale's later relationship with John Foxe) Bale's contribution to protestant hagiography invites a closer look.

Thomas Cromwell: A Study in Interrogation

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
John Foxe ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Chief Minister ◽  
The Reformation

On the afternoon of Thursday, the 10th of June 1540, a squad of Yeoman of the Guard burst into the Council Chamber in Westminster Hall, and arrested Thomas Cromwell, Henry VIII's chief minister. They escorted him out through a postern to a boat waiting at Westminster Steps, rowed him down the Thames, and through Traitors' Gate into the Tower of London. Within this gaunt prison Cromwell was held till the early morning of July 28th, when the Yeoman marched him to Tower Hill to be executed for treason, heresy, bribery, and misuse of power. He climbed the scaffold, and addressed the crowd. He had come here to die, he confessed, and not to justify himself. He was a grievous wretch, who sought God's pardon. He had offended the King, and asked the crowd to pray that Henry VIII would forgive him. Finally, Cromwell insisted that he would die a Catholic, and that he had never waivered in a single article of the Catholic faith. Then, after a short prayer commending his soul to the Almighty, Cromwell laid his head on the block, and, as John Foxe records, “patiently suffered the stroke of the axe” swung “by a ragged and butcherly miser [who] very ungodly performed the office.”So died one of England's greatest statesmen—the architect of the Reformation and the Tudor Revolution in Government. Just as his career has been the source of much historical debate, the events of the last seven weeks of his life, from his arrest to his execution, and his scaffold address especially, have been an irritant of contradiction and confusion.

Talking Books

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-229
Author(s):  
Jennifer Richards
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
John Bale ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Oral Testimony ◽  
Anne Askew ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Authorial Voice

This chapter explores the printed books of the sixteenth century as ‘talking books’; it also explores how the voice is implicated in the printing process. It focuses on the work of two print-aware authors, John Bale and William Baldwin, who worked with the most influential ‘talking book’ in England in the 1540s: Erasmus’s Paraphrases. It explores Bale’s attentiveness to the physical voice of Anne Askew in his editions of her Examinations (1546, 1547), arguing that he uses print to turn the written form of her oral testimony into a script for oral readers. It attends to Baldwin’s representation of the voices of illiterate working men, medieval magistrates, and an array of untrustworthy characters, including some noisy cats, to create careful ‘listeners’ who are aware of the manipulative authorial voice that lies behind literary voices on the page as well as the risks of affective ‘mishearing’.

Who Wrote ‘The Supper of the Lord’?

1960 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. J. Cargill Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
John Foxe

The Short-Title Catalogue includes in its list of Tyndale's works a pamphlet called ‘The Supper of the Lord,’ which was originally published anonymously on the continent in 1533, under the fictitious imprint of Nicholas Twonson of Nuremberg. But there are serious objections against accepting Tyndale's authorship. Although the pamphlet was reprinted several times during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI, it did not finally appear under Tyndale's name until 1573, when John Foxe included it in his edition of the works of Tyndale, Frith and Barnes. During the sixteenth century it was widely believed that ‘The Supper of the Lord’ was the work of George Joye, one of the lesser figures of the English reformation who is now largely forgotten. But although the weight of the evidence seems to support this belief, the glamor of Tyndale's name has prevented the question from being investigated properly.

RICHARD PATE, THE ROYAL SUPREMACY, AND REFORMATION DIPLOMACY

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRACEY A. SOWERBY
Keyword(s):  
Henry Viii ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Royal Supremacy ◽  
Early English ◽  
Church Policy

ABSTRACTIn December 1540 one of Henry VIII's clerical diplomats defected to the papacy. As contemporaries believed that a king could be judged by the ambassadors he sent to represent him abroad, Pate's defection caused the English king considerable embarrassment. His acceptance of the bishopric of Worcester from the pope in July 1541 made Pate a figure of symbolic importance to opponents of Henry VIII's royal supremacy. This article examines Pate's diplomatic career, paying particular attention to how Pate negotiated the competing claims on his loyalty of the pope and Henry VIII. Although Pate was expected to represent Henry's church policy, his experiences in embassy also provided opportunities for conservatism, as Henry sought to maintain amicable relations with the emperor and deny charges of heresy. Pate's case raises important questions about the religious sympathies of those chosen by Henry to represent him abroad and had important consequences for the practice of diplomacy in the early English Reformation. Pate also offers important insights into the motivations of Henrician Catholic exiles, their views of the Henrician church, and their political opposition to it.

The Early Rise and Gradual Decline of Lutheranism in England (1520-1600)

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 103-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil Hall
Keyword(s):  
Henry Viii ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
John Bale ◽  
Early Rise

Bishop Gardiner, whom the polemical John Bale had described as ‘the great Caiaphas of Winchester’, sharply drew the attention of the lord protector, Seymour, to ‘two seditious books’ not long after the death of Henry VIII in 1547, showing his anxiety to oppose the advance of protestantism which he saw as leading to civil as well as religious rebellion; both books were by Bale, at this time in exile abroad.

scholarly journals Representations of Women in Tudor Historiography: John Bale and the Rhetoric of Exemplarity

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Kesselring
Keyword(s):  
John Bale ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anne Askew ◽  
Representations Of Women

The writings of Anne Askew and the Princess Elizabeth have received attention as two of a small number of published works by women in the Tudor period. The lengthy additions and glosses of their editor, John Bale, have garnered much less notice. Bale appropriated these writings for the use of protestant polemic, and presented their authors as exemplary historical agents worthy of emulation by men and women alike. By situating these two women in his apocalyptic rewriting of the past, he created for women a place in the new protestant history of the realm. The struggle of the True and the False Churches provided for Bale a fluid situation in which women might be required to assume behaviours typically labeled masculine; he used these writings, and the sanction of historical precedent, to advocate an active, public role for educated women.

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