Different Shades of Seventeenth-Century Probabilism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Tutino
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Coherent System

This chapter provides a thematic analysis of some of the most significant applications of probabilism to a number of epistemological, intellectual, political, and theological questions. It focuses on four early seventeenth-century authors, each using probabilism to advance a specific intellectual agenda: Tomás Sánchez and his effort to articulate probability as a trait d’union between conscience and law in the context of his elaboration on the doctrine on marriage; Leonardus Lessius and his attempt to use probabilism to update Catholic doctrine and especially Catholic economic thought; Juan Azor and his endeavor to structure probabilism within a stable and coherent system of knowledge; and Emmanuel Sa and his vulgarization of probabilism for the sake of confessors and other readers who did not necessarily have a deep background in, and extensive knowledge of, moral theology.

Mercantilism Revisited

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Status

The intention of this paper is to look at some of the problems which arise in attempts to provide ‘explanations’ of mercantilism and especially its English manifestations. By ‘explanations’ I mean the efforts which some writers have made causally to relate the historical appearance of sets of economic notions or general recommendations on economic policy or even acts of economic policy by the state to particular long-term phenomena of, or trends in, economic history. Historians of economic thought have not generally made such attempts. With a few exceptions they have normally concerned themselves with tracing and analysing the contributions to economic theory made by those labelled as mercantilists. The most extreme case of non-explanation is provided by Eli Heckscher's reiterated contention in his two massive volumes that mercantilism was not to be explained by reference to the economic circumstances of the time; mercantilist policy was not to be seen as ‘the outcome of the economic situation’; mercantilist writers did not construct their system ‘out of any knowledge of reality however derived’. So strongly held an antideterminist fortress, however congenial a haven for some historians of ideas, has given no comfort to other historians – economic or political, Marxist or non-Marxist – who obstinately exhibit empiricist tendencies. Some forays against the fortress have been made. Barry Supple's analysis of English commerce in the early seventeenth century and the resulting presentation of mercantilist thought and policy as ‘the economics of depression’ has passed into the textbooks and achieved the status of an orthodoxy.

‘Learning to bring dead capital to life’: the Riksens Ständers Bank and the credit market in seventeenth-century Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-230
Author(s):  
Christopher Pihl
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Personal Trust ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
Property Registration

AbstractSuccessful mortgage lending is often said to require a system of registration, which records the ownership of, and any encumbrances on, a particular piece of real estate. Here we analyse how Sweden's Riksens Ständers Bank handled the uncertainties of the mortgage lending market c. 1680–1700, when there was no coherent system of property registration. The bank tried to make registration compulsory, but when influential groups opposed this move, the bank had to modify its lending practices. The study thus sheds light on the somewhat fraught initial stages of the shifts in the credit system, which from the latter half of the seventeenth century onwards, saw personal trust replaced by system trust, and private credit replaced by institutional credit.

From Neophyte to Non-White: Moral Theology and Race Mixture in Colonial Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Hill
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
Colonial Brazil

AbstractThe first global debate about racial admixture originated in the exegesis of papal privileges designed to aid Catholic converts in Spanish and Portuguese Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Later Scholastics contributed to the ontology of race by aligning religious status with origins, or blood, in ways that departed from raging controversies around Jewish and Muslim converts to Catholicism. Through recourse to seventeenth-century probabilism, these moral theologians and canonists debated the meaning of the term

Jansenism and England

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
Religious Controversy ◽  
Moral Potency ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Working Out ◽  
The Church ◽  
Reliable Basis

This book examines the impact in mid- to later seventeenth-century England of the major contemporary religious controversy in France, which revolved around the formal condemnation of a heresy popularly called Jansenism. The associated debates involved fundamental questions about the doctrine of grace and moral theology, about the life of the Church and the conduct of individual Christians. The book offers an analysis of the main themes of the controversy and an account of instances of English interest, arguing that English Protestant theologians who were in the process of working out their own views on basic theological questions recognized the relevance of the continental debates. The arguments evolved by the French writers also constitute a point of comparison for the developing views of English theologians. Where the Jansenists reasserted an Augustinian emphasis on the gratuity of salvation against Catholic theologians who overvalued the powers of human nature, the English writers examined here, arguing against Protestant theologians who denied nature any moral potency, emphasized man’s contribution to his own salvation. Both arguments have been seen to contain a corrosive individualism, the former through its preoccupation with the luminous experience of grace, the latter through its tendency to elide grace and moral virtue. These assessments are challenged here. Nevertheless, these theologians did encourage greater individualism. Focusing on the affective experience of conversion, they developed forms of moral rigorism which represented, in both cases, an attempt to provide a reliable basis for Christian faith and practice in the fragmented intellectual context of post-Reformation Europe.

scholarly journals O papel da teologia moral na formação da consciência dos juízes na América do século XVII * The formative role of moral theology in the judges’ conscience in seventeenth-century America

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Mariângela Célia Ramos Violante
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Moral Theology

Este artigo busca analisar, a partir das obras Tratado de la Justicia y el Derecho de Domingo de Soto, Arte legal para el estudio de la Iurisprudencia de Francisco Bermúdez de Pedraza e Perfecto confessor y cura de almas de Juan Machado de Chaves, publicadas entre os séculos XVI e XVII, os elementos da doutrina católica que compunham um saber formador da consciência dos juízes, propondo, com base na reflexão proveniente do conceito koselleckiano de Bildung, que a relação entre a teologia moral e o direito era fundamental para a administração da justiça na América hispânica.

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