“Written in fair Arabic Characters”

Jefferson's Muslim Fugitives ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190844479.003.0004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Jeffrey Einboden

Keyword(s):

Middle Eastern ◽

Single Person ◽

Arabic Characters ◽

African Slaves ◽

Entire Nation ◽

Of Greece

This chapter details Thomas Jefferson’s dealings with Ezra Stiles, President of Yale and New England’s leading intellectual. Stiles became Jefferson’s confidant in 1786. Meeting only a month before Jefferson embarked overseas from Boston on July 5, 1784, the two men enjoyed an immediate connection, despite their divergent roles and regions. A master of many disciplines, Stiles was most distinguished by a single interest in particular: his facility with Middle Eastern languages. Jefferson shared anxieties with Stiles concerning Muslim captivity—captivity not of a single person, however, but of an entire nation, sharply criticizing Ottoman occupation of Greece. Anticipating future experiences of his new friend and a later U.S. President, Stiles also gained access to manuscripts arising from Muslim captivity and Arabic documents written by African slaves.

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Music and traditions of Thrace (Greece): a trans-cultural teaching tool

DEDiCA Revista de Educação e Humanidades (dreh) ◽

10.30827/dreh.v0i3.7094 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 145-164

Author(s):

Kalliopi Stiga ◽

Evangelia Kopsalidou

Keyword(s):

Middle Eastern ◽

Teaching Tool ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Cultural Convergence ◽

International Language ◽

Music Lessons ◽

Cultural Teaching ◽

Eastern Cultures ◽

Of Greece

The geopolitical location as well as the historical itinerary of Greece into time turned the country into a meeting place of the European, the Northern African and the Middle-Eastern cultures. Fables, beliefs and religious ceremonies, linguistic elements, traditional dances and music of different regions of Hellenic space testify this cultural convergence. One of these regions is Thrace. The aim of this paper is firstly, to deal with the music and the dances of Thrace and to highlight through them both the Balkan and the middle-eastern influence. Secondly, through a listing of music lessons that we have realized over the last years, in schools and universities of modern Thrace, we are going to prove if music is or not a useful communication tool – an international language – for pupils and students in Thrace. Finally, we will study the influence of these different “traditions” on pupils and students’ behavior.

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“Wr s Unavdble”

Jefferson's Muslim Fugitives ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190844479.003.0009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 86-99

Author(s):

Jeffrey Einboden

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Muslim World ◽

Original Manuscript ◽

Entire Nation

This chapter details events that occurred in the early days of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency. These include his decision to order the destruction of the original manuscript of his translation of Comte de Volney’s Middle Eastern “meditations.” The war with North Africa also broke out when Jefferson assumed the presidency, which gave new impetus for him to encode his correspondence. As in Paris many years before, Jefferson’s engagements with the Muslim world helped turn his mind towards the “art of secret writing.” However, when he exchanged ciphered letters with Adams back in 1785, Jefferson was a lone European minister. Now, as U.S. President, Jefferson had the brightest minds of an entire nation within reach, including one residing not far away in Philadelphia: Robert Patterson.

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The mission of the Khuc family from the perspective of meeting the requirements of Vietnamese history from the end of the 9th century to the end of the 10th century

Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities ◽

10.32508/stdjssh.v4i3.563 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. First

Author(s):

Tran Thi Thu Luong

Keyword(s):

Transitional Period ◽

Historical Evolution ◽

Objective Criterion ◽

Stepping Stone ◽

Vietnamese History ◽

Single Person ◽

Historical Figures ◽

History Of ◽

Entire Nation ◽

Historical Movement

From the overarching vision of the historical movement in a transitional period of national independence from the end of the 9th century to the end of the 10th century and based on the objective criterion which is the degree of meeting the then historical requirements of historical figures, the article analyzes and evaluates the mission stature of Khuc Thua Du, Khuc Thua Hao and Khuc Thua My in the struggle to regain national independence of Vietnam in the early 10th century. Specifically, the article analyzes the historical requirements for Vietnam's independence and autonomy in the early 10th century as well as the fulfillment of those requirements by Khuc Thua Du, Khuc Thua Hao and Khuc Thua My. Thereby, the article suggests some comments to evaluate the contribution of these characters to Vietnamese history. At the same time, with an overview of the historical evolution of anti-aggression activities to protect Vietnam’s national independence in the next period during the 10th century, the article does some analysis to clarify the profound impacts of the mission of the Khuc family in the encouragement to separate Vietnam from the orbit of Chinese dependency at that time. From these analyses, the article comes to a remark that the great mission to separate Vietnam from Chinese dependency was not of a single person or of a family line but of the entire nation during the 10th century. On the basis of the stepping stone of that transitional century, from the 11th century, the history of Vietnam could turn into a gorgeous page of independence and autonomy, and brilliant development in the next period.

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