A Novel Approach to Arabic Chabot, Utilizing Google Colab and the Internet of Things: A Case Study at a Computer Center

A Chabot is a software program for humans to interact with natural-language computers. It has numerous applications in business, service, education, and healthcare, among others. Arabic Chabot’s, on the other hand, fight to generate and display Arabic characters correctly because of linguistic problems. In this paper, we propose a new method for the development of effective Arabic Chabot’s, which is improved by the use of the Internet of things (IOT). An experiment was performed utilizing Google Colab and the Python Chatterbot library to build and deploy an Arabic Chabot for a computer center based on IOT.

The Impact of Chinese Seals on the Structure, Design, and Usage of the Īl-Khānids Seals and Coins

Il-Khanid seals and coins are a type of seal featuring figurative patterns typically characterized by the Rectangular style of Kufic script, the absence of figures, extensive use of calligraphy, geometric, and abstract patterns. Although it is based on the Persian seal-carving tradition, the Īl-Khānids seals and coins exhibit various elements from the Chinese seals (印章), and also similar in their style to the Mongolian writing systems. While the Silk Road, the central path for trade and economic purposes, brought together China and Persia, the two nations had strong influences regarding culture, tradition, and religion, and Persian art has applied many Chinese artistic elements, particularly in the art of seal making. Indeed, the historical evidence suggests that the Mongolian Empire employed the Chinese seals (印章) throughout their territory, stretching from China to Persia. The intercultural influences through the Silk Road seem to be well-rooted in Central Asia, and for the first time, Chinese culture is seen abundantly in the Īl-Khānids seal history, as well as the Rectangular style of Kufic script on the seals and coins, influenced by the Uighur script. This paper uses an interdisciplinary approach to analyse the Chinese and the Īl-Khānids seals and coins to survey transmission of the Chinese tradition through Silk Road cultural exchanges. The results show that there exists a strong possibility that the manner in which the writing of Arabic characters in the Rectangular Kufic writing system was inserted at the top to the bottom unexpectedly followed the style of Mongolian words.

Family and Family Values on the Basis of Lithuanian and Polish Tatar Manuscripts

Family always was among the most important human values. Family subject became essential part of the ethnolinguistic researches. Child birth, wedding, death and funeral is the cycle of life, particularly tightly related to traditional culture. Description of family rituals and traditions highlights family relationships which is the basis of this paper. Kinship subject constantly found in stories about ethnic religiosity, rites of folk medicine, myths and legends. In her article I. A. Sedakova has noted that “any discussion on the topic of kinship has sufficiently relevant data for complex linguistic research” (Sedakova, 2009, 226).The comprehension of family and its values are reflected in a completely different way in Lithuanian Tatar manuscripts written in Slavic languages and Arabic characters. Emigrants from Golden Horde and Crimean khanate were the one of the first muslims to settle in Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 14th century. Three most important events in human life: birth, wedding, death and accompanying rites used by Lithuanian Tatars are different from the ones used by local residents. In general Lithuanian Tatar rites have common Muslim roots, even though they have traces of shamanism and perceptible influence from Christianity. One can talk about religious syncretism when the various teachings of faith and cult rites are combined in the interplay of religions and their historical development. In this article we try to reveal the whole network of connections and relationships that contain the concepts of family and family values, based on texts written in Lithuanian Tatar manuscripts in Slavic languages (Ruthenian and Polish).

New text steganography method using the arabic letters dots

<span>With the increasing technological and electronic development, methods have been developed to hide important information using text steganography as a new technology, since it is not noticeable and easy to send and receive. The use of the Arabic language is one of the new methods used to hide data. In this work, we preview our method that depends to use the part of Arabic language properties to embed the secret English message in to cover text to create text steganography. More than half of the Arabic characters contain dots. Several characters have upper dots and others have lower dots. Some have one dot others have two dots. Few have even three dots. In this new idea, we will use the dots of charters to embed the English secret message. First, we will compress the secret message by using the 5-Bit Encoding (T-5BE) to make the cover text able to embed more bits of the secret message by 37.5%. Then we start using the Arabic semantic dictionary to correct the hiding path and enhancement the stego-cover text to eliminate errors caused by switching words. In this research, we were able to extract experimental results that show that the proposed model achieves high masking accuracy in addition to the storage capacity of the cover text.</span>

Multistage Arabic and Turkish Text Compression via Characters Encoding and 7-Zip

Turkish lossless text compression was proposed by converting the character’s from UTF-8 to ANSI system for space-preserving. Likewise, we present a decoding method that transforms the encoded ANSI string back to its original format. Unlike the one-byte ANSI characters, some of the Turkish alphabets are being stored in 2 bytes size. All that space comes at a price. The developed sequential encoding technique will reduce the size of the text file up to 9%. Moreover, the Turkish encoded text will retain its original form after decoding. According to our proposal, it is considered as a lossless text compression, where it’s a common concern today. Thus, many parties have become interested in Unicode compression. Basically, our algorithm is mapping Unicode Turkish characters into ANSI, by using the available 8-bit legacy. For Arabic Text Compression, a sequential encoding technique was suggested that efficiently converts Arabic characters string from UTF-8 to ANSI characters coding. The encoding algorithm presented in this paper significantly reduces the file size. The decoding method transforms the encoded ANSI string back to its original format. Unlike the one-byte ANSI characters, Arabic alphabets are currently being stored in 2 bytes size which leads to inefficient space utilization. The newly developed sequential encoding technique reduces the space required for storage up to fifty percent. In addition, the proposed technique will retain the Arabic encoded text to its original form after decoding, which is leading to a lossless text compression. Thus, addressing the common concern of the currently available Arabic characters compression techniques. In this research, a multistage compression process was implemented on Turkish and Arabic languages, by using the new encoding technique, in addition to the 7-Zip application, which has shown a significant file size reduction.

The Longer Theology of Aristotle in al-Andalus

The present article reports the discovery of previously unknown quotations from the Longer Theology of Aristotle (LThA), preserved in Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Khaṭīb’s (d. 776/1374) philosophical-mystical treatise Rawḍat al-taʿrīf bi-l-ḥubb al-sharīf (composed in Granada ca. 1366). The first of these quotations contains the famous ekstasis passage, which is not preserved in Judeo-Arabic. The second quotation has a close parallel in the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity (Ikhwān al-ṣafāʾ). An analysis of these quotations provides additional evidence to the transmission of LThA in Arabic characters. The Appendix provides an up-to-date inventory of the Judeo-Arabic manuscripts of LThA, complete quire analysis of manuscripts A and C, and a table of correspondences between the unpublished “MS Fenton,” Borisov’s references to LThA, and modern pagination.

INDENTIFIKASI POLA AKSARA ARAB MELAYU DENGAN JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN)

Riau province has Malay Arabic script as a traditional cultural heritage of ancient characters that should be preserved; this script is adapted from Arabic writing. This script from Malay Arabic has a unique form that is different from the original Arabic writing adaptation, which is read in a combination of letters forming latin meanings as an introduction to the everyday language of Riau Malay people in the earlier kingdom. Malay Arabic writing became an introduction to the local content of traditional languages in schools. To foster a love for preserving culture, in accordance with current technology that is able to recognize scripting patterns when written in paper, a knowledge base was created by using Matlab software by applying a convolutional Neural Network (CNN) artificial neural network algorithm capable of recognizing script patterns well. The result of image input in the form of handwriting written on paper then in the scanner in the form of JPEG image format. Testing was carried out on four Arabic Malay characters namely alif, ha, la, kho and nun. The result of training for the letter alif (a) epoch is obtained 98 out of 100 iterations with a training length of 3 seconds, furthermore, in validation performance with a result of 0.25013 on epoch 92 of 98 epoch for gradient letters with a value of 0.0071991 on the next epoch 98 in the extras produces an accuracy value of 0.6548 which states the correct result accordingness because it is close to the alif script. In the process of train input the letter kho obtained epoch 80 out of 100 iterations with a training process for 3 seconds, validation performance 0.25153 on epoch 74 out of 80 epoch for check validation with a value of 0.0011682 on the next epoch 80 in the extras obtained an extra value of 0.9326 stated the value is incorrect. Because the result of the extras results in an image that does not come close to the kho letter. Therefore, a study of how the system can recognize Malay Arabic writing patterns with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method because it is very good at identifying image pattern features with an accuracy value of 4.12% of the 10 sample image patterns that have been inputted. With the introduction of imagery patterns from the extraction of features scanned Malay Arabic characters can help the findings of ancient Malay Arabic script as morphological learning of the validity of abstraction of Malay Arabic script is good

GEAC: Generating and Evaluating Handwritten Arabic Characters Using Generative Adversarial Networks

Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has made a breakthrough and great success in many research areas in computer vision. Different GANs generate different outputs. In this research work, we apply different GANs to generate handwritten Arabic characters. A basic GAN, Vanilla GAN, Deep Convolutional GAN (DCGAN), Bidirectional GAN (BiGAN), and Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) are used. Then, the results of the generated images are evaluated using native-Arabic human and Fréchet Inception Distance (FID). The qualitative and quantitative results are provided for the images generation and evaluation. In experimental evaluation, WGAN achieves better results in FID with a value of 96.007. On the other hand, DCGAN achieves better results in native-Arabic human evaluation with a value of 35%.