historical evolution
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Dunleavy

Despite continued attention, finding adequate criteria for distinguishing “good” from “bad”scholarly journals remains an elusive goal. In this essay, I propose a solution informed by thework of Imre Lakatos and his methodology of scientific research programmes (MSRP). I beginby reviewing several notable attempts at appraising journal quality – focusing primarily on theimpact factor and development of journal blacklists and whitelists. In doing so, I note theirlimitations and link their overarching goals to those found within the philosophy of science. Iargue that Lakatos’s MSRP and specifically his classifications of “progressive” and“degenerative” research programmes can be analogized and repurposed for the evaluation ofscholarly journals. I argue that this alternative framework resolves some of the limitationsdiscussed above and offers a more considered evaluation of journal quality – one that helpsaccount for the historical evolution of journal-level publication practices and attendantcontributions to the growth (or stunting) of scholarly knowledge. By doing so, the seemingproblem of journal demarcation is diminished. In the process I utilize two novel tools (themistake index and scite index) to further operationalize aspects of the MSRP.


Author(s):  
Yueqiang Zhu ◽  
Avice M. O’Connell ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Aidi Liu ◽  
Haijie Li ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
◽  
Jianan Liao ◽  

The status of sports in today’s life is rising day by day. As a sports culture person, the most important thing to spread sports culture better is to clearly define what “sports” is. At different stages of development in modern times, the discourses on sports concepts at home and abroad have shown the characteristics of “historic and epochal”, reflecting people’s different understandings of the attributes of sports at different stages. This article discusses the definition and historical evolution of sports concepts at home and abroad from different historical stages in order to better understand and study sports.


Author(s):  
Anastasiіa Varyvonchyk

The purpose of the article is to highlight the provisions and track the historical evolution of a special Ukrainian art craft, known as the art of tapestry in environmental design. The research methods are based on art history analysis, the principles of historicism, scientific consistency, and objectivity in the study of Ukrainian tapestry. Scientific novelty. The historical origins of tapestry art are revealed, the issue of introducing innovative techniques for making tapestry is raised, which influenced the modern design of the environment of the XXI century. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that the art of tapestry follows the traditions of folk carpet weaving. In modern conditions, the tapestry is able to actively fill the ethnocultural environment, in rare cases, it is a monumental decorative art. From aristocratic and elite art, it becomes more democratic, decorating the interiors of the premises of the XXI century. Keywords: tapestry, carpet weaving, tradition, innovation, environmental design.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Paolo Gargini ◽  
Francis Balestra ◽  
Yoshihiro Hayashi

This paper is dedicated to a review of the international effort to map the future of nanoelectronics from materials to systems for the new electronics industry. The following sections are highlighted: the Roadmap structure with the international teams, the methodology and historical evolution, the various eras of scaling, the new ecosystems and computer industry, the evolving supply chain, the development of SoC and SiP, the advent of the Internet of Everything and the 5G communications, the dramatic increase of data centers, the power challenge, the technology fusion, heterogeneous and system integration, the emerging technologies, devices and computing architectures, and the main challenges for future applications.


Author(s):  
Nikita I. Gushchin ◽  
Mikhail A. Aleksandrov

Modern processes of the evolution of ethnic identification of different nations require a constant search for new approaches to the explanation of emerging phenomena. The primordialist approach to the study of ethnicity, which is classical in Russian sociology, cannot explain many of the processes occurring within ethnic groups. One such group is the Chuvash people, whose ethnic identification has undergone significant changes since the late nineteenth century, associated with changes in writing, urbanization, and the emergence of their own political institutions. It is a constructivist approach to the study of ethnicity, which emphasizes the consideration of the dynamics of ethnic processes and their historical evolution, is appropriate which will help to explain this changes. The Chuvash people in this case represent a unique object for study. As the largest predominantly orthodox Turkic ethnic group, it differs greatly from its neighbors. The study of the ethnic identification of the Chuvash people from the perspective of the constructivist approach to ethnicity should be given closer attention, in order to solve the problems faced by the scientific community.


Author(s):  
П. В. Капустин

Состояние проблемы. Реконструкция исторической эволюции архитектурного проектирования сегодня становится актуальной необходимостью. Причины, условия, процессы формирования базовых представлений и методов, легших в основу проектного типа мышления и действия, до сих пор довольно мало изучены, особенно в критическом аспекте. Между тем немалая часть сегодняшних проблем и затруднений, как становится понятно, берет начало в эпохе зарождения профессионального проектного метода, в событиях Нового времени. Центром этого метода стало моделирование, вопросы эволюции которого рассмотрены в настоящей работе. Результаты. Рассмотрен этап становления проектирования в архитектурной деятельности в Ренессансе, прежде всего методологический вклад Л. Б. Альберти. Показана трансформация традиционного модельного способа зодческой работы в Раннем Возрождении, связанная с обособлением креативных действий, персонализацией замысла, изменениями в цеховых коммуникациях. Ремесленный способ работы зодчего вступает в профессиональную эру, что ведет к кардинальному изменению характера и места архитектурных моделей. Выводы. Требуется переосмысление, даже переоценка значения моделирования в эволюции проектирования: на место привычной картины безоблачного прогресса должна прийти критическая и проблематизирующая теория, дающая основания для инструментального отношения к моделированию как одному из методов, не лишенному недостатков. Statement of the problem. Reconstruction of the historical evolution of architectural designing is becoming an urgent need today. The reasons, conditions, processes for the formation of basic ideas and methods that formed the basis of the designing type of thinking and action are still quite poorly understood, especially in a critical aspect. Meanwhile, a considerable part of today's problems and difficulties, as it becomes clear, originates in the era of the emergence of the professional method of designing, in the events of the Modernity. The center of this method is modeling, the evolution of which is considered in this work. Result. The stage of development of design in architectural activity in the Renaissance is considered, most importantly, the methodological contribution of L. B. Alberti. The transformation of the traditional model method of architectural work in the Early Renaissance is shown associated with the isolation of creative actions, personalization of the concept, changes in craft's communications. The craftsman's way of working enters the professional era, which results in a radical change in the nature and place of architectural models. Conclusions. Rethinking, even a reassessment of the importance of modeling in the evolution of designing is required instead of the usual picture of cloudless progress, a critical and problematizing theory should come providing foundations for an instrumental attitude to modeling as one of the methods that is not devoid of shortcomings.


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