Infancy

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-163
Author(s):  
Scott A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Parent Report ◽  
Parental Beliefs ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
And Behaviors

This chapter is the first of four to address beliefs about particular parts of the developmental span. It begins with work on parents’ knowledge of infancy, both infancy in general (e.g., milestones of development) and their own infant in particular. The middle section of the chapter considers parental beliefs and related behaviors with respect to three infant behaviors that often pose challenges for parents: crying, sleeping, and eating. The chapter concludes with a discussion of two major outcomes of development that have their origins in infancy: attachment and temperament. Here, and in general, parents play two roles in the research literature: as informants of their children’s characteristics (i.e., parent-report measures) and as contributors, via their beliefs and behaviors, to these characteristics.

scholarly journals Child versus Parent Report of Parental Influences on Children's Weight-related Attitudes and Behaviors

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haines ◽  
D. Neumark-Sztainer ◽  
P. Hannan ◽  
R. Robinson-O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Parent Report ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

scholarly journals Sleep and Daytime Functioning: A Short-term Longitudinal Study of Three Preschool-age Comparison Groups

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Anders ◽  
Ana-Maria Iosif ◽  
A. J Schwichtenberg ◽  
Karen Tang ◽  
Beth Goodlin-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract This study examined sleep, sleepiness, and daytime performance in 68 children with autism, 57 children with intellectual disability (ID), and 69 typically developing preschool children. Children in the autism and ID groups had poorer daytime performance and behaviors than the typically developing children. Children in the ID group also were significantly sleepier than children in both the autism and typically developing groups. These significant differences persisted over 6 months. Actigraph-defined sleep behaviors and problems did not relate to daytime sleepiness or daytime performance and behaviors for the children with autism or the typically developing group. For the ID group, longer night awakenings and lower sleep efficiency predicted more daytime sleepiness. For each group, parent-report sleep problems were associated with more daytime sleepiness and more behavior problems.

scholarly journals Hall of Heroes: A Digital Game for Social Skills Training with Young Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa E. DeRosier ◽  
James M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Skills Training ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Digital Game ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Problem Solving Skills

Traditional social skills training (SST) programs are delivered in person and suffer from significant time, financial, and opportunity barriers that limit their reach and potential benefits for youth. This paper describes the design and preliminary evaluation ofHall of Heroes, a digital game that presents SST through an engaging superhero-themed virtual story world. Participants were randomly assigned to complete the digital game (n = 15) or to a waitlist control condition (n = 14) and were compared on parent-report measures of social emotional functioning. Youth who completedHall of Heroessignificantly improved in their abilities to relate to others (both peers and family members) as well as to accept affection and express emotions with others, compared to youth who did not complete the SST intervention. Further, youth in the treatment condition showed a significantly greater decline in feelings of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness than did youth in the control condition. Both parents and youth reported high levels of engagement in and acceptability of theHall of Heroes. This study adds to the research literature, supporting the potential of a game-based SST platform for effectively helping youth develop prosocial social problem-solving skills.

scholarly journals Children's Road-Crossing Behavior: Emotional Decision Making and Emotion-Based Temperamental Fear and Anger

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1188-1198
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Hashemi Juzdani ◽  
Casie H Morgan ◽  
David C Schwebel ◽  
Zahra Tabibi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pedestrian Behavior ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract Objective Child pedestrian injuries represent a global public health burden. To date, most research on psychosocial factors affecting children’s risk of pedestrian injury focused on cognitive aspects of children’s functioning in traffic. Recent evidence suggests, however, that emotional aspects such as temperament-based fear and anger/frustration, as well as executive function-based emotional decision making, may also affect children’s safety in traffic. This study examined the role of emotions on children’s pedestrian behavior. Three hypotheses were considered: (a) emotion-based temperament factors of fear and anger/frustration will predict children’s risky decisions and behaviors; (b) emotional decision making will predict risky pedestrian decisions and behaviors; and (c) children’s pedestrian decision making will mediate relations between emotion and risky pedestrian behavior. The role of gender was also considered. Methods In total, 140 6- to 7-year-old children (M = 6.7 years, SD = 0.39; 51% girls) participated. Parent-report subscales of Child Behavior Questionnaire measured temperamental fear and anger/frustration. The Hungry Donkey Task, a modified version of Iowa Gambling Task for children, measured children’s emotional decision making, and a mobile virtual reality pedestrian environment measured child pedestrian behavior. Results Greater anger/frustration, lesser fear, and more emotional decision making all predicted poorer pedestrian decision making. The mediational model demonstrated that pedestrian decision making, as assessed by delays entering safe traffic gaps, mediated the relation between emotion and risky pedestrian behavior. Analyses stratified by gender showed stronger mediation results for girls than for boys. Conclusions These results support the influence of emotions on child pedestrian behavior and reinforce the need to incorporate emotion regulation training into child pedestrian education programs.

Theories and Methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-51
Author(s):  
Scott A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Parental Beliefs ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
To Come ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Children’S Development

This chapter provides a necessary prelude to the chapters to come through its discussion of the theories that guide research and the methods used to examine the questions of interest. Eight theories are presented, each of which is returned to at various places throughout the book. Two emphases emerge in the discussion of theories: the complementary nature of the eight theoretical positions and the reciprocal relation between theories and research. Just as theories guide and illuminate research, so the study of parents’ beliefs enriches each of the general theories that have directed such study. The overview of methods considers not only ways to study beliefs but also methods appropriate for the three other issues that recur throughout the book: origins of parents’ beliefs, relations between beliefs and parenting behavior, and relations between beliefs and children’s development. A special emphasis is on ways to establish causality in the interplay of parental beliefs and behaviors and child outcomes.

Bioterrorism-Related Beliefs, Attitudes and Behaviors of Community-Based Clinicians

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
pp. S48
Author(s):  
Robyn R. M. Gershon ◽  
Kristine A. Qureshi ◽  
Stephen S. Morse ◽  
Marissa A. Berrera ◽  
Catherine B. Dela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Community Based ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors
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