Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Charles W. Greenbaum ◽  
Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia ◽  
Carolyn Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
International Law ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Social Science Theory ◽  
Science Theory

The introductory chapter presents the major goal of this volume: creating a forum for the integration of three areas: theory and research on the effects of exposure to political violence (EPV), intervention to aid victims of EPV, and the prevention of EPV. It notes the relative lack of application of social science research and theory to prevention of EPV. The chapter presents suggested definitions of political violence and what is meant by child, and describes the gap between international law forbidding political violence to children and a recent increase in children’s EPV. The chapter also presents an overview of social science theory related to research and intervention and descriptions of the three sections in the book. Section I involves research on effects of EPV, Section II addresses intervention, and Section III discusses prevention of EPV. The introduction concludes with summaries of each chapter and a description of the relation of these chapters to the overall perspective of the book.

Handbook of Political Violence and Children

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Social Science Theory ◽  
Science Theory

A major goal of this volume is to create a forum for the integration of three areas: theory and research on the effects of exposure to political violence (EPV), intervention to aid victims of EPV, and the prevention of EPV. It notes the lack of application of social science research and theory to prevention of EPV. The introductory chapter presents a description of the gap between international law forbidding political violence against children and recent increases in children’s EPV, an overview of social science theory related to research and intervention, and descriptions of the contributions of each chapter. Section I, on research, presents reviews of research, original quantitative and qualitative research reports, and a chapter on methodology and ethics. Section II, on intervention, contains research on intervention with children who have experienced EPV in school, their family, and community contexts, and a chapter on issues related to individual therapy with such children. Section III, on prevention, provides chapters on legal and social issues in the prevention of recruitment of children as child soldiers in armed groups, on the role of the International Criminal Court in deterring children’s EPV, and on the use of transitional justice for preventing recurrence of children’s EPV. The concluding chapter reviews the major findings of the volume and emphasizes the need for prevention of EPV. It describes the legal framework for prevention, social science theory that could explain the prevalence of EPV despite legal and moral sanctions against it, possible means of protecting children in armed conflict, and possible future directions in research.

Stathis Kalyvas on 20 years of studying political violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 263300242097295
Author(s):  
Stathis Kalyvas ◽  
Scott Straus
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Research To Policy ◽  
State Of The Field

Stathis Kalyvas is one of the pioneers of social science research on political violence. In this interview with Scott Straus, Kalyvas reflects critically on the state of the field, on the risks of welding scholarly research to policy, on speaking to histories of violence in particular places, on defining key terms such as violence and terrorism, and on moving up and down the ladder of abstraction. He also speaks about his ambitious new book that seeks to synthesize the field of political violence. He ends with a stinging critique of research that privileges method over substance and with some reflections for graduate students entering the field.

Multi-Agent Systems Research and Social Science Theory Building

2007 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
H. Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Multi Agent

This chapter describes the possible relationship between multi-agent systems research and social science research, more particularly sociology. It gives examples of the consequences and possibilities of these relationships, and describes some of the important issues and concepts in each of these areas. It finally points out some future directions for a bi-directional relationship between the social sciences and multi-agent systems research which hopefully will help researchers in both research areas, as well as researchers in management and organization theory.

Recognition and Registration: The Infrastructure of Personhood in World History

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Szreter ◽  
Keith Breckenridge
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
World History ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Social Science Theory ◽  
Theoretical Account ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Close Investigation

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the key arguments and subjects discussed in the book, but it undertakes this review by means of a close investigation of the place of registration in contemporary scholarship. It explores the meaning of the term registration, and then examines the concept in existing social science theory, tracking the limits of its usage in the writings of Michel Foucault, Jack Goody, James Scott, and Amartya Sen's scholarship of social rights. It draws linkages between the chapters in the volume and the existing historiography on documentary government, drawing out the implications, in particular, of Clanchy's work. Moving beyond this review, it offers a theoretical account of the work of registration which highlights the (often neglected) dialectical politics at work in the registration of membership in human collectivities across time and region.

scholarly journals VULNERABILITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION'S DRAFT ARTICLES ON THE PROTECTION OF PERSONS IN THE EVENT OF DISASTERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 573-610
Author(s):  
Thérèse O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Disaster Vulnerability ◽  
Discursive Context

AbstractThis article ponders the possibilities existing for legal re-understandings of vulnerability and adopts the International Law Commission's Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters (2016) as its principal discursive context. Despite some promise and potential, the draft Articles retreated to conservative understandings of disaster-vulnerability and missed an opportunity for a sophisticated formulation. This article argues for disaster law's engagement with contemporary social science research. The work of critical geographers, historians and anthropologists in political ecology is particularly apposite. By rejecting geophysical outlooks in favour of structuralist understandings of disaster-vulnerability, such research facilitates consideration of interrelated histories and the role of economics in producing disaster-vulnerability. This article argues that such perspectives allow for reconsideration of current legal understandings regarding disaster-vulnerability (particularly in relation to international cooperation and risk and reduction) and thereby offer some promise for enriching disaster law's comprehensiveness and relevance.

The Harm and Benefit Thesis

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Armor
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Social Science Theory ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Doctrine

Of all the social science theories that have been applied to school desegregation policy, none has a longer or more important history than the harm and benefit thesis. In its simplest form, the thesis holds that school segregation is harmful to the social, psychological, and educational development of children, both minority and white, and that school desegregation is beneficial for undoing or at least ameliorating the damages from segregation and discrimination. While the harm and benefit thesis began as a purely social science theory, its apparent endorsement by the Supreme Court in Brown gave the thesis an enormous boost, elevating it from academic theory to moral authority. From Brown to the present time, the harm and benefit thesis has played a curious and bifurcated role in the evolution of school desegregation policy. Although it began as a social science theory that had apparently found its way into judicial doctrine, its role in the courts soon parted from its role among educators, social scientists, and civil rights groups. On the judicial front, a number of lower court decisions in the early 1970s stressed the harms of school segregation and the benefits of integration remedies. The Supreme Court itself never again explicitly addressed the harm and benefit thesis after Brown, however, and its judicial relevance diminished over the next three decades as the high Court majority restricted the application of Brown to government-enforced school segregation. For this reason many constitutional scholars have long maintained that the psychological harm finding in Brown is not an essential part of constitutional law. To the extent that a harm thesis can be inferred from current judicial doctrine, then, harm arises only if school (or other) segregation is sanctioned by law or official action. For many other actors on the desegregation stage, however, the harm and benefit thesis has had a far broader applicability. During the periods when the earliest formulations began to appear, such as that by Gunnar Myrdal in 1944 or the famous doll studies of Kenneth and Mamie Clark in the late 1930s, most existing segregation was in fact sanctioned by law, and thus most social science research on this issue of necessity reflected the effects of official segregation.

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