Utopian and insular spaces in Chinese literature: An island approach

In response to the relative lack of scholarly attention paid to the relationship between island utopia and Chinese literature, this paper studies the imagination of both island and insular geographies in Chinese ‘utopian’ literature using an island-sensitive approach. Employing an expanded and constructive conception of the island, the paper examines the heterogeneity of Chinese island and insular imaginaries in literary works from diverse historical periods, especially in relation to the dominant western model of the remote tropical oceanic island. Based on the finding that the alterity of Chinese island and insular imagination lies as much in its depiction of spatial ambiguities as in its mixing of diverse figures, I reflect further on the benefits and perils of adopting a west-inflected island approach in examining the imaginary landscapes of utopianism and insularity in Chinese literature. It is argued that Chinese island literature is more a reading effect enabled by an imported theoretical approach than any inherent tradition in itself. In the end, two paths for innovating island aesthetics and epistemologies in cross-cultural contexts are proposed.

Choosing the Best Method for Hemodynamic Monitoring

Optimizing hemodynamics improves patient outcomes in critically ill patients. There are many types of hemodynamic monitoring. When choosing the monitoring type, factors include accuracy, invasiveness, the desired hemodynamic variables, and potential complications. For example, the Pulmonary Artery Catheter is invasive and can be associated with catheter-related complications. Still, the values it provides have been validated and may be more useful when treating patients with heart problems. New minimally invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring systems, such as the Flo Trac and the ClearSight, deliver functional hemodynamic values that can be used to evaluate the real-time response to fluid administration. Minimally invasive and noninvasive devices’ ease of use, availability, and relative lack of patient complications make them appealing. However, they may lack accuracy in some situations.

A Comparison of Marijuana Use Across Different Levels of Justice-Involved Populations

A large portion of the U.S. population is justice-involved, an important at-risk population with poor physical/mental health outcomes and increased rates of substance use. Using the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the current study assesses marijuana use across level of community-based justice involvement (i.e., arrest, probation, and parole) among adults. Given increasing rates of marijuana use and a relative lack of research, the current study addresses an important gap in the literature. Findings from logistic regression analysis show that adults who had been arrested or were on probation were more likely to use marijuana compared to adults with no justice involvement, while adults on parole were less likely to use marijuana than those on probation. This study offers evidence of differences in marijuana use across level of justice involvement, which may be attributable to other substance use behaviors, and has important implications for criminal justice practice.

COVID-19’s impact on neglected pharmaceutical staff: wake-up call for needed research

Discussion of the necessity of the compulsory vaccination of UK patient-facing care workers as an employment conditionality has deflected from the initial and ongoing impact of Coronavirus disease on relatively neglected occupational groups themselves, including community pharmacists. This commentary highlights the relative lack of research investigating the mental health and wellbeing impact of the pandemic on this occupational group in England and urges further study of their needs and experiences to inform evidence-based supportive psychological interventions.

Introduction

This chapter introduces Gustave Doré’s biblical imagery with a brief analysis of several works, an overview of the conceptual parameters of the book (focusing on the role of the Bible in modern visual culture), a biographical and historiographical examination of Doré’s life and work, and an outline of the book’s chapters. It begins with an examination of Doré’s biblical imagery through several reproductions of his work in Milwaukee, Wisconsin—an illustrated Bible, a stained-glass window, an oil painting, and a paint-by-number—in order to demonstrate the various economic and cultural lenses through which this imagery has been recuperated. The relative lack of biblical imagery in existing narratives of modern art is introduced here, and is a subject that will be explored further in subsequent chapters.

Differences in RNA polymerase II complexes and their interactions with surrounding chromatin on human and cytomegalovirus genomes

Interactions of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) preinitiation complex (PIC) and paused early elongation complexes with the first downstream (+1) nucleosome are thought to be functionally important. However, current methods are limited for investigating these relationships, both for cellular chromatin and the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome. Digestion with human DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) before immunoprecipitation (DFF-ChIP) precisely revealed both similarities and major differences in PICs driven by TBP on the host genome in comparison with PICs driven by TBP or the viral-specific, late initiation factor UL87 on the viral genome. Host PICs and paused Pol II complexes are frequently found in contact with the +1 nucleosome and paused Pol II can also be found in a complex involved in the initial invasion of the +1 nucleosome. In contrast, viral transcription complexes have very limited nucleosomal interactions, reflecting a relative lack of chromatinization of transcriptionally active regions of HCMV genomes.

How Does Audio Marketing Work?

Audio marketing is an important part of new media marketing. Its estimated market size increases by 44 times within seven years, and the growth trend of the industry is explosive. However, within a decade of development, there are still many problems to be solved. The purpose of this paper is to verify the significance, problems and countermeasures of audio marketing. Data was collected by literature retrieval and induction method was employed for analysis and interpretation. Findings show that the main problems of audio marketing are focused on audio content production (audio products/services) and platform management, and there is a relative lack of discussion on audio market analysis and target marketing analysis. Finally, it is suggested that future research should start from these two directions and give recommendations on audio marketing.

Types of Anchor Institution Initiatives

Interest in universities as anchor institutions within their communities and cities is growing as civic leaders search for ways to build local wealth. Systematic analysis of the effects of anchor institution initiatives remains difficult due to the disparate nature of anchor initiatives and a relative lack of a shared language describing the work. This article reviews the anchor literature to summarize current understandings of universities and economic development, then develops a typology of anchor institution initiatives based upon the literature. The typology is based upon the type of capital leveraged by initiatives: (a) financial, (b) physical, (c) intellectual, and (d) human. The author then uses the typology to categorize a number of initiatives found within the literature and through a rough sampling process. This typology offers a shared language for scholars to use to guide discussions around universities as anchor institutions, and, more importantly, the typology can frame analyses of the differential effects, costs, and benefits of different anchor strategies.

The Année Sociologique as Training Ground for Sociology: Durkheim, Mauss, and the Art of Book Reviewing in Fin de Siècle France

This chapter focuses on a specific aspect of the efforts of Durkheim and his colleagues to institutionalize sociology as a scientific research discipline in France in the late nineteenth century: the graduate training of emerging sociologists. This training posed several challenges at its inception, such as the lack of a formal program of education and of dedicated faculty or facilities. One way that Durkheim and his associates worked around their relative lack of resources was through the foundation of the Année sociologique. This journal was a discipline building enterprise: it was a collective undertaking, it discussed a wide variety of material, and it organized the intellectual division of labor in a number of subfields, effectively defining the discipline of sociology by its choices of authors and books for review. Durkheim, as the hub of the enterprise, and Mauss, as his closest collaborator and ‘alter ego’, reviewed all submissions, suggested revisions and insisted on examining everything in the smallest detail. This extensive work of editing formed the style of professional reviews of their collaborators. Durkheim encouraged and directed the research work of his younger teammates, providing them with guidance in producing original articles in the field of sociology, offering models of scientific research in the field, and helping them obtain academic appointments. A large part of this work of training was conducted via correspondence, due to the geographical distance between the members of the group. This chapter examines the practices of training in writing, their transfer across generations, and their significance to the success of the group.

Language achievement predicts anxiety and not the other way around: A cross-lagged panel analysis approach

While language anxiety is known to be a strong predictor of the second language (L2) achievement for decades, there has been a relative lack of empirical attention to establishing which one – anxiety or achievement – influences the other. The present study, based on a cross-lagged panel analysis, examined the causal relationships between language anxiety and L2 achievement, each of which was measured at three times points across 17 weeks. The results supported the directional relationship from L2 achievement at Time 2 to language anxiety at Time 3 while the opposite directional relationship from language anxiety at Time 2 to L2 achievement at Time 3 was not supported. Thus, our results suggest that language achievement precedes anxiety and not the other way round. The moderation analysis further sheds light on the importance of the earlier L2 achievement in the development of anxiety later on, by understanding learners’ motivational profiles. That is, learners with high autonomous motivation and high achievement at Time 1 exhibited a further decrease in anxiety at Time 3. On the other hand, learners with high autonomous motivation but low achievement showed a higher level of anxiety at Time 3. Overall, the present study makes a noteworthy contribution to one of the most debatable issues in the field and concludes with some practical implications for L2 educators.