Contemporary International Tribunals

International Human ◽

International Tribunals ◽

Cross Fertilization

More recently, jurisprudential cross-fertilization has kept on being pursued in particular by international human rights tribunals and international criminal tribunals. This is reassuring, as, despite their distinct jurisdictions, their work is complementary, in their common mission of imparting justice, in distinct domains of international law. Jurisprudential cross-fertilization fosters cohesion and the unity of law. Particularly attention is currently devoted to the preservation of the legacy of the ad hoc international criminal tribunals.

Contemporary International Tribunals

10.1093/oso/9780190848194.003.0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Augusto Cançado Trindade Trindade

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

International Criminal ◽

Case Law ◽

Nuclear Disarmament ◽

The Icj ◽

The Common ◽

International Human ◽

International Tribunals

In the course of 2016, international human rights tribunals (ECtHR, IACtHR and ACtHPR) kept on making cross-references to each other’s case-law, as well as to that of other international tribunals. The same has taken place on the part of international criminal tribunals (ICC and ICTFY), at a time of special attention to the preservation of the legacy of the ad hoc tribunals (ICTFY and ICTR). One could have expected the same from the ICJ, as to the case-law of other international tribunals, in its recent decisions in the cases concerning the Obligation of Nuclear Disarmament (2016), keeping in mind the common mission (of realization of justice) of contemporary international tribunals from an essentially humanist outlook.

International Criminal Tribunals in the Shadow of Strasbourg and Politics of Cross-fertilisation

Nordic Journal of International Law ◽

10.1163/15718107-08403002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 371-403

Author(s):

Sergey Vasiliev

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Criminal ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Critical View ◽

European Court ◽

This article takes a critical view on the debates around the phenomenon of jurisprudential cross-fertilisation between international criminal tribunals and human rights courts, in particular the European Court of Human Rights. Asymmetries of cross-citation and influence along this axis of cross-judicial communication can be explained by distinct judicial styles and uneven mutual relevance, rather than by any sort of hierarchy. However, the discourse surrounding the tribunal-oriented ‘cross-fertilisation’ has a normative pull that introduces an informal hierarchy, which is a means to ensure the tribunals’ conformity with human rights law. However valid its agenda may be, this approach is legally groundless and incompatible with the terms of transjudicial communication and it underestimates the pluralist nature of international human rights, among other discontents. Ultimately, it is also ineffective in serving its main ideological purpose.

Provisional Release in International Human Rights Law and International Criminal Law

International Criminal Law Review ◽

10.1163/157181211x587175 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 707-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kate Doran

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

International Criminal ◽

International Criminal Tribunal ◽

Criminal Court ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

European Court ◽

AbstractThis article is a review of the jurisprudence on provisional release and an analysis of how such a mechanism operates under the Statute of the International Criminal Court. It examines how pretrial release is dealt with in international human rights law while focusing on the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. It goes on to evaluate the position of the ad hoc tribunals regarding the issue of pre-trial release and seeks to articulate how and why the ad hoc tribunals have moved away from customary international law. It also seeks to evaluate the actual reach of the presumption of innocence in provisional release cases at the European Court of Human Rights and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Formen Yugoslavia. Finally, the article considers the recent jurisprudence of the ICC regarding interim release.

Human Rights Law Marches into New Territory: The Enforcement of International Human Rights in International Criminal Tribunals (Marek Nowicki Memorial Lecture)

The Making of International Criminal Justice ◽

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608935.003.0017 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 181-198

Author(s):

Theodor Meron

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Criminal ◽

Memorial Lecture ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Protected Groups in Refugee Law and International Law

Laws ◽

10.3390/laws8040025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Joseph Rikhof ◽

Ashley Geerts

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

Criminal Law ◽

International Criminal ◽

International Criminal Law ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Refugee Convention ◽

The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (“Refugee Convention”) defines ‘persecution’ based on five enumerated grounds: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, and political opinion. This list of protected groups has not changed in the nearly 70 years since its inception, although the political and social context that gave rise to the Refugee Convention has changed. This article examines how ‘membership in a particular social group’ (“MPSG”) has been interpreted, then surveys international human rights law, transnational criminal law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law instruments to determine whether MPSG can encompass the broader protections afforded under other international law regimes. It concludes that the enumerated grounds are largely consistent with other instruments and protects, or at least has the potential to protect, many of the other categories through MPSG. However, as this ground is subject to domestic judicial interpretation and various analytical approaches taken in different countries, protection could be enhanced by amending the Refugee Convention to explicitly include additional protected groups from these other areas of international law, specifically international human rights law and international criminal law.

Conceptions And Interpretations of Human Rights in Europe and Asia: Normative Aspects

E-Theologos Theological revue of Greek Catholic Theological Faculty ◽

10.2478/v10154-010-0011-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 117-135

Author(s):

Bożena Drzewicka

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

International Humanitarian Law ◽

Humanitarian Law ◽

The West ◽

Human Rights Protection ◽

Rights Protection ◽

The World ◽

Conceptions And Interpretations of Human Rights in Europe and Asia: Normative AspectsThe issue of confronting values between civilizations has become very important. It influences not only the level of international politics but also the international normative activity. It is very interesting for the modern international law and its doctrine. The most important factor of causing huge changes in the system of international law is still the international human rights protection and the international humanitarian law which is related to it. It is very difficult to create one catalogue of executive instruments and procedures but it is possible to influence the attitude toward the basic paradigms. The frictions appear from time to time and move to other planes. The West and Asia are still antagonists in the dialogue on the future of the world. The article is a contribution to the intercivilizational dialogue.

The Review of Articles from Korea International Law Review (Vol. 1-49): International Human Rights Law

Korea International Law Review ◽

10.25197/kilr.2018.51.45 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 45-62

Author(s):

Buhm Suk Baek

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

The Margin of Appreciation Revisited

10.1093/oso/9780198713258.003.0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

George Letsas

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

Democratic Institutions ◽

Margin Of Appreciation ◽

The idea that states have discretion in complying with their human rights obligations, and the idea that human rights obligations should be compatible with a degree of diversity between states, are either trivial or misleading. In order to assess properly the doctrine of the Margin of Appreciation, one has to reconstruct it as a normative thesis about the conditions under which an international human rights court should place substantial weight on a decision by a domestic authority. Thus understood, however, the doctrine is problematic as it offends the values underlying human rights and the rule of international law. The chapter evaluates Andreas Follesdal’s particular defence of the Margin of Appreciation and argues that neither sovereignty nor democracy provides normative support for unqualified judicial deference. It argues further that the exceptions Follesdal wishes to place on deference to democratic institutions end up covering the whole of the scope of human rights obligations, making the idea of deference redundant.

The Idea of International Human Rights Law

10.1093/oso/9780198749844.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Wheatley

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Fragmentation Of International Law

Moral Concept ◽

Customary International Law ◽

Human Rights Treaties ◽

International Human ◽

International Human Rights Law has emerged as an academic subject in its own right, separate from, but still related to, International Law. This book explains the distinctive nature of the new discipline by examining the influence of the moral concept of human rights on general international law. Rather than make use of moral philosophy or political theory, the work explains the term ‘human rights’ by examining its usage in international law practice, on the understanding that words are given meaning through their use. Relying on complexity theory to make sense of the legal practice in the United Nations, the core human rights treaties, and customary international law, The Idea of International Human Rights Law shows how a moral concept of human rights emerged, and then influenced the international law doctrine and practice on human rights, a fact that explains the fragmentation of international law and the special nature of International Human Rights Law.

Germany

10.1093/oso/9780198786627.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Valentin Aichele

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Federal Courts ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Public International Law ◽

Monitoring Mechanism ◽

International Human ◽

Human Rights Norms

This chapter analyses the use and interpretation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in sixty-nine decisions of German federal courts between 2009 and mid-2016. German courts’ failure to be proactive in demonstrating ‘friendliness towards public international law’ when dealing with international human rights norms has been criticised. The National CRPD Monitoring Mechanism addressed problems in the application of the law. This chapter investigates the courts’ understanding of basic CRPD concepts, judicial techniques, interpretation methods and specific CRPD provisions. The importance of the concepts of self-executing provisions and direct effect is discussed. In quantitative terms, German courts have referred to the CRPD more often than any other UN international human rights instrument. Furthermore, in qualitative terms, federal courts have become more receptive towards the CRPD. However, it is clear that much of the potential for courts to use the CRPD in the realisation of the rights of persons with disabilities remains untapped.