Sincerity and the Reliability of Testimony

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Tyler Burge ◽  
P Content ◽  
Epistemology Of Testimony ◽  
Content Preservation

“Content Preservation” by Tyler Burge is one of the most influential articles in the epistemology of testimony. Burge argues for three theses: (1) That we enjoy a prima facie entitlement to take testimony (presentations-as-true) at face value, (2) That this entitlement has an a priori basis, based in the nature of reason, and (3) That in some cases testimony-based beliefs are warranted a priori. Most of the debate in the testimony literature is over the truth of (1). Most of the criticism of Burge’s paper focuses on (3). Burge has since abandoned (3). What about (2)? Burge’s argument for (2) is compressed; the underlying nuts and bolts are difficult to understand. This chapter reconstructs Burge’s overall teleo-functional reliabilist framework and then reconstructs Burge’s overall argument for (2) in some detail. Three criticisms are then offered of the argument. Even granting (1), Burge’s argument does not establish (2).

A Priori Physicalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 370-386
Author(s):  
Frank Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
The Mind ◽  
A Priori Entailment ◽  
Complete Account

Physicalism is a thesis in metaphysics: the nature of the mind and its states are such that we need no more than the physical properties to give a complete account of them. According to a priori physicalism, this thesis in metaphysics implies a thesis about a priori entailment. If the thesis in metaphysics is true, a sufficiently rich account of a subject—you, me, or … —given in physical terms a priori entails how that subject is mentally. Why do some physicalists want to make things difficult for themselves by embracing a priori physicalism; why do they believe that a posteriori physicalism—a prima facie less demanding version of physicalism—is not an option? This is the topic of this chapter. As we will see, there are a number of reasons that have or might be given.

Testimony and A Priori Knowledge

Episteme ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Casullo
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Tyler Burge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Priori Knowledge

ABSTRACTTyler Burge offers a theory of testimony that allows for the possibility of both testimonial a priori warrant and testimonial a priori knowledge. I uncover a tension in his account of the relationship between the two, and locate its source in the analogy that Burge draws between testimonial warrant and preservative memory. I contend that this analogy should be rejected, and offer a revision of Burge's theory that eliminates the tension. I conclude by assessing the impact of the revised theory on the scope of a priori knowledge.

scholarly journals Código disciplinario del abogado

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Artunduaga Gutiérrez ◽  
María Fernanda Trejos Uribe ◽  
Juan Diego Fernando Vallejo Reyes ◽  
Eduardo Alfonso Meza Méndez
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Prima Facie

Desde antaño, la abogacía como profesión, ha sido el escenario en el que se han vislumbrado grandes hazañas, en tratándose del ejercicio y la capacidad que el abogado puede ostentar, a través de lo cual, logra adjudicarse considerables victorias en las arenas litigiosas; como también, estrepitosas vergüenzas y desdichas, en virtud del incorrecto actuar y proceder del profesional del Derecho.Esto último ha ocasionado que, desde aquellos días, hasta la actualidad, la percepción social, tanto frente a la ciencia jurídica, como frente al profesional del Derecho, sea negativa, puesto que, del Derecho se tiene como referencia que es una de las carreras profesionales por medio de las cuales se aprende a hurtar y a engañar a quienes poseen problemas jurídicos y requieren asesoría y representación legal, lo cual, en consecuencia, ha permeado también la idea o el concepto que se tiene de aquella persona que encarna la praxis de dicho oficio, pues, del abogado se habla, generalmente, en términos de ladrón, engañador, corrupto, entre otras acepciones.Esta es una cuestión que ha trascendido a través de la historia en diferentes espacios socio - geográficos a nivel global, manteniéndose hasta el día de hoy y, por medio de lo cual, se han enraizado prejuicios con los que se juzga, a priori, al profesional del Derecho, ocasionando que, prima facie e injustamente, sea perturbada su integridad, aun sin haber tenido parte alguna en los precedentes fácticos que lo persiguen y acusan, dado el oficio que eligió desempeñar y, con los que debe contender e insistir hasta que, con su testimonio, pueda cambiar la percepción consuetudinaria que se ha formado en torno a la profesión que ejerce.

Free Will and the Burden of Proof

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Lycan
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Free Action ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Agent Causation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Business As Usual

Here are some things that are widely believed about free will and determinism.(1) Free will is prima facie incompatible with determinism.(2) The incompatibility is logical or at least conceptual or a priori.(3) A compatibilist needs to explain how free will can co-exist with determinism, paradigmatically by offering an analysis of ‘free’ action that is demonstrably compatible with determinism. (Here is the late Roderick Chisholm, in defence of irreducible or libertarian agent-causation: ‘Now if you can analyse such statements as “Jones killed his uncle” into eventcausation statements, then you may have earned the right to make jokes about the agent as cause. But if you haven't done this, and if all the same you do believe such things as that I raised my arm and that Jolns [sic] killed his uncle, and if moreover you still think it's a joke to talk about the agent as cause, then, I'm afraid, the joke is entirely on you.’)(4) Free will is not impugned by quantum indeterminism, at least not in the same decisive way that it is impugned by determinism. To reconcile free will with quantum indeterminism takes work, but the work comes under the heading of metaphysical business-as-usual; to reconcile free will with determinism requires a conceptual breakthrough.And listen to Laura Waddell Ekstrom on the burden of proof.

scholarly journals Lexical norms, language comprehension, and the epistemology of testimony

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 324-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Begby
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Tyler Burge ◽  
Lexical Norms ◽  
Epistemology Of Testimony ◽  
The One

It has recently been argued (for instance by Sanford Goldberg, expanding on earlier work by Tyler Burge) that public linguistic norms are implicated in the epistemology of testimony by way of underwriting the reliability of language comprehension. This paper argues that linguistic normativity, as such, makes no explanatory contribution to the epistemology of testimony, but instead emerges naturally out of a collective effort to maintain language as a reliable medium for the dissemination of knowledge. Consequently, the epistemologies of testimony and language comprehension are deeply intertwined from the start, and there is no room for grounding the one in terms of the other.

Jerome of Prague, Austria and the Hussites

1958 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Fundamental Assumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
Full Century

That Czech nationalism was the mainspring of the Hussite movement has long been an article of faith among those concerning themselves with the history of that protean wave of reform which swept over Central Europe a full century before the Protestant Reformation. It is not the intent of this paper to quarrel with this fundamental assumption. The assumption has, however, a corollary, namely that because the Hussites were prima facie Czech nationalists and that because this nationalism was patently anti-German, Hussitism could not by definition and consequently did not take root in the Germanic lands bordering upon Bohemia. An attempt will be made here to examine this a priori position in the light of some empirical researches into the history of the Lands of the Austrian Crown in the first half of the fifteenth century.

Introduction and Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Graham ◽  
Nikolaj J. L. L. Pedersen ◽  
Zachary Bachman ◽  
Luis Rosa
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Crispin Wright ◽  
Tyler Burge ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

Tyler Burge and Crispin Wright both distinguish two forms of warrant: entitlement and justification. But they use these terms in very different ways. Entitlement for Wright is a non-evidential, a priori rational right to claim knowledge against the skeptic. Wright’s project engages the skeptic. Entitlement for Burge is a truth-conducive good route to knowledge that does not involve reasons. Justification is the route that involves reasons. Burge’s project falls within moderate foundationalist, competence-based approaches to knowledge. Burge’s project examines the structure of knowledge. The chapters of the volume are introduced. The chapters in Part I engage Burge’s project. Part II engages and extends competence and moderate foundationalist approaches. Part II engages Wright’s project.

Perception, Intuition, and Apprehension

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Robert Audi
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
The Self ◽  
Belief Formation ◽  
A Priori Justification

This chapter brings the theory of perception developed in Chapters 1 to 6 to bear on clarifying intuition, especially regarding abstract elements. Intuitive apprehension of these elements has much in common with perception. Such intuition is structurally parallel to perception, and it is experientially representational in a way that enables it to confer, as does perception, (prima facie) justification on beliefs. Moreover, both perception and intuitive apprehension are non-inferential, hence not premise-based. Both, given their status as embodying sensory or intuitive seemings, yield (and can explain) inclinations to believe and can explain belief-formation. Like perceptions, intuitions (in their occurrent forms) are direct responses to something one considers or otherwise experiences; they are not inferential responses to a premise. As experiential, non-inferential, and phenomenally representational, intuitions can confer justification on beliefs. This ascription of directness to intuitive apprehensions goes well with their role in explicating the self-evident—which, in certain cases, is paradigmatically intuitive—and thereby in accounting for a priori justification and knowledge.

scholarly journals Perception Effects of High Voltage Transmission (HVT) Lines on Residential Property Values: Cases of Chalala, Libala South and Kamwala South Areas of Lusaka City-Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Jain ◽  
Roy A. Chileshe ◽  
Francis M Muwowo ◽  
Mambwe Mwewa
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Residential Property Values ◽  
High Voltage Transmission ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Although several recent studies have shown how high voltage transmission (HVT) lines affect property values, no work has been undertaken in Zambia. This paper explores if there is a prima facie relationship between HVT lines and residential property values in Zambia. A priori evidence shows a paradox, with many new developments springing up in areas of high concentrations of HVT lines though residents vehemently complain about the mal-effects of HVT lines. Why then should land perceived to be inferior or “stigmatized” attract new developments? It is against this background that the householders’ perceptions of HVT lines are explored and the resulting effects on property values ascertained. A household survey was conducted in the Chalala, Libala South and Kamwala South areas of Lusaka city where developments have been undertaken around HVT Lines. The study also examined the statistical relationship of distances from HVT line with residential property values. Results show residential property values rise with increasing distance from the HVT line. It is recommended that the statutory wayleave distances should be raised to at-least 100 meters from the existing 31 meters for a 132kV line. It is further recommended that the regional wayleave guidelines currently in use should be made national.

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