Perception of Absence

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198831532.003.0007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101-127

Author(s):

Stephen Mumford

Keyword(s):

Deductive Inference ◽

Cognitive Theories ◽

The Mind

We are able to see what is not there, such as when a car has been stolen and is not where the owner expected it to be. There is some kind of phenomenological feel to such discoveries but it is uncertain and elusive. There is a distinction between seeing the absence of something and merely inferring its absence from what is seen. Two theories of how it is possible to see what is not there are considered: perceptual theories, which claim absences can be experienced, and cognitive theories that appeal to an inference. Both have problems. Perceptual theories struggle to say how something that is not there can be an object of perception while cognitive theories cannot say how the required inference is drawn. As an alternative, an evolved mechanism is invoked that allows a non-deductive inference to an absence that is then presented in the mind as experiential.

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Pedagogical Theories and Research

Digital Imagery and Informational Graphics in E-Learning ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-972-4.ch001 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Shalin Hai-Jew

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Direct Application ◽

Digital Imagery ◽

Electronic Learning ◽

Learning Contexts ◽

Cognitive Theories ◽

Apply Theory ◽

E Learning ◽

The Creation ◽

The Mind

Some pedagogical theories and research have direct application to the use of digital imagery in electronic learning (e-learning). Applied perceptional research forms a foundational understanding of how humans see through their eyes. Cognitive theories address how the mind handles visual information. Pedagogical theories provide understandings of how individuals process information and learn effectively. These concepts lead to applied uses of digital imagery in e-learning contexts. These principles and practices will be introduced, analyzed, and evaluated in the context of the creation and use of digital imageries in e-learning. Then, strategies for how to apply theory to the selection, creation, and deployment of digital imagery in e-learning will be proposed.

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Uncertainty Visualization

10.31234/osf.io/ebd6r ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lace Padilla ◽

Matthew Kay ◽

Jessica Hullman

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Uncertainty Visualization ◽

Cognitive Theories ◽

Different Types ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Novices And Experts ◽

Visualization Techniques ◽

The Mind ◽

Uncertainty Information

While uncertainty is present in most data analysis pipelines, reasoning with uncertainty is challenging for novices and experts alike. Fortunately, researchers are making significant advancements in the communication of uncertainty. In this chapter, we detail new visualization methods and emerging cognitive theories that describe how we reason with visual representations of uncertainty. We describe the best practices in uncertainty visualization and the psychology behind how each approach supports viewers' judgments. This chapter begins with a brief overview of conventional and state-of-the-art uncertainty visualization techniques. Then we take an in-depth look at the pros and cons of each technique using cognitive theories that describe why and how the mind processes different types of uncertainty information.

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Conceiving Desire in Lyly and Shakespeare

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428521.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gillian Knoll

Keyword(s):

William Shakespeare ◽

Early Modern ◽

Linguistic Analysis ◽

John Lyly ◽

Cognitive Theories ◽

Different Types ◽

Considerable Length ◽

The Mind ◽

Erotic Desire

Conceiving Desire in Lyly and Shakespeare explores the role of the mind in creating erotic experience on the early modern stage. To “conceive” desire is to acknowledge the generative potential of the erotic imagination, its capacity to impart form and make meaning out of the most elusive experiences. Drawing from cognitive and philosophical approaches, this book advances a new methodology for analysing how early modern plays dramatize inward erotic experience. Grounded in cognitive theories about the metaphorical nature of thought, Conceiving Desire in Lyly and Shakespeare traces the contours of three conceptual metaphors—motion, space, and creativity—that shape erotic desire in plays by John Lyly and William Shakespeare. Although Lyly and Shakespeare wrote for different types of theatres and only partially-overlapping audiences, both dramatists created characters who speak erotic language at considerable length and in extraordinary depth. Their metaphors do more than merely narrate or express eros; they constitute characters’ erotic experiences. Each of the book’s three sections explores a fundamental conceptual metaphor, first its philosophical underpinnings and then its capacity for dramatizing erotic experience in Lyly’s and Shakespeare’s plays. Conceiving Desire in Lyly and Shakespeare provides a literary and linguistic analysis of metaphor that credits the role of cognition in the experience of erotic desire, even of pleasure itself.

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Discovery in Cognitive Psychology: New Tools Inspire New Theories

Science in Context ◽

10.1017/s0269889700001216 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 329-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Gerd Gigerenzer

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Psychology ◽

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Scientific Practice ◽

American Psychology ◽

Cognitive Theories ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S ◽

Inference Techniques ◽

The Mind

The ArgumentScientific tools—measurement and calculation instruments, techniques of inference—straddle the line between the context of discovery and the context of justification. In discovery, new scientific tools suggest new theoretical metaphors and concepts; and in justification, these tool-derived theoretical metaphors and concepts are morelikely to be accepted by the scientific community if the tools are already entrenched in scientific practice.Techniques of statistical inference and hypothesis testing entered American psychology first as tools in the 1940s and 1950s and then as cognitive theories in the 1960s and 1970s. Not only did psychologists resists statistical metaphors of mind prior to the institutionalization of inference techniques in their own practice; the cognitive theories they ultimately developed about “the mind as intuitive statistician” still bear the telltale marks of the practical laboratory context in which the tool was used.

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Re-cognizing the Mind in the Anthropology of Religion

Numen ◽

10.1163/156852711x577078 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 545-565

Author(s):

Paul-François Tremlett

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Religious Studies ◽

Anthropology Of Religion ◽

Cognitive Theories ◽

Theories Of Religion ◽

Cognitive Approaches ◽

The Mind ◽

Natural Fact ◽

Alternative Theories

AbstractCognitive approaches to religion in religious studies and anthropology are proving increasingly fashionable of late. The focus of this essay is on “cognitivism” in the anthropology of religion, and in particular the writings of E. B. Tylor, Claude Lévi-Strauss and Harvey Whitehouse. I define cognitivism in the anthropology of religion as an approach to religion that appeals to the mind and to processes of cognition as universals from which theories of — and explanations for — religion, can be generated. The essay engages in a detailed analysis of three cognitive theories of religion. Each theory takes the mind to be an enduring and stable foundation upon which an explanation for religion can be erected. Yet the mind — the foundation — is disclosed through each theory as unstable; it actually changes under different kinds of enquiry into religion. I then sketch two possible alternative theories of the mind before concluding by arguing that the cognizing mind might productively be treated not as a given and natural fact but rather as the product of discourse.

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How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x1800033x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Peter DeScioli

Keyword(s):

Economic Thought ◽

History Of Economic Thought ◽

Homo Economicus ◽

Economic Theories ◽

Target Article ◽

History Of ◽

The Mind ◽

And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

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