An Entropy-Based Approach for Nonparametrically Testing Simple Probability Distribution Hypotheses

In this paper, we introduce a flexible and widely applicable nonparametric entropy-based testing procedure that can be used to assess the validity of simple hypotheses about a specific parametric population distribution. The testing methodology relies on the characteristic function of the population probability distribution being tested and is attractive in that, regardless of the null hypothesis being tested, it provides a unified framework for conducting such tests. The testing procedure is also computationally tractable and relatively straightforward to implement. In contrast to some alternative test statistics, the proposed entropy test is free from user-specified kernel and bandwidth choices, idiosyncratic and complex regularity conditions, and/or choices of evaluation grids. Several simulation exercises were performed to document the empirical performance of our proposed test, including a regression example that is illustrative of how, in some contexts, the approach can be applied to composite hypothesis-testing situations via data transformations. Overall, the testing procedure exhibits notable promise, exhibiting appreciable increasing power as sample size increases for a number of alternative distributions when contrasted with hypothesized null distributions. Possible general extensions of the approach to composite hypothesis-testing contexts, and directions for future work are also discussed.

Inference With Cross-Lagged Effects - Problems in Time and New Interpretations

The interpretation of cross-effects from vector autoregressive models to infer structure and causality amongst constructs is widespread and sometimes problematic. I first explain how hypothesis testing and regularization are invalidated when processes that are thought to fluctuate continuously in time are, as is typically done, modeled as changing only in discrete steps. I then describe an alternative interpretation of cross-effect parameters that incorporates correlated random changes for a potentially more realistic view of how process are temporally coupled. Using an example based on wellbeing data, I demonstrate how some classical concerns such as sign flipping and counter intuitive effect directions can disappear when using this combined deterministic / stochastic interpretation. Models that treat processes as continuously interacting offer both a resolution to the hypothesis testing problem, and the possibility of the combined stochastic / deterministic interpretation.

PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, DISIPLIN KERJA, DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN

Abstrak Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi, disiplin kerja, dan motivasi terhadap produktivitas karyawan di Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik (KJPP) Firmansyah & Rekan. Adapun isu – isu pokok yang akan di diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah seberapa besar produktivitas kerja dari karyawan yang bekerja di KJPP Firmansyah & Rekan. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan di Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik (KJPP) Firmansyah & Rekan. Pendekatan penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non-random sampling, yaitu dengan Teknik Purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 35 responden., dengan membagikan angket/ kuesioner dan teknik skala pengukuran menggunakan skala likert. Pengolahan data menggunakan SMARTPLS. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis dari penelitian ini, yaitu adanya pengaruh antara kompensasi, disiplin kerja, dan motivasi terhadap produktivitas karyawan. Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compensation, work discipline, and motivation on employee productivity in the Office of Public Appraisal Services (KJPP) Firmansyah & Partners. The main issues revealed in this research are how much work productivity of employees who work at KJPP Firmansyah & Partners. The population and sample in this study were employees at the Office of Public Appraisal Services (KJPP) Firmansyah & Partners. A research approach is a quantitative approach. Sampling used a non-random sampling technique, namely the purposive sampling technique. The sample used is 35 respondents, by distributing questionnaires/questionnaires and measuring scale techniques using a Likert scale. Data processing using SMARTPLS. Based on the results of hypothesis testing from this study, namely the influence of compensation, work discipline, and motivation on employee productivity.

PRODUCT FEATURES AND QUALITY IN BRAND SWITCHING BEHAVIOR OF IMPLORA EYELINER ON SUMBAWA

Indonesia’s economy has grown, which has led to the growth of a business. According to BPS Indonesia, there were 26 million more businesses in Indonesia in 2016. One of them is the cosmetics industry, which the minister of the industry says is important. Because there are so many different types of cosmetic industries and so much competition, manufacturers have to change their products to meet the needs of their customers. Eyeliner is a popular product in the cosmetics industry that many people use. Following the widening of Eyeliner products, many different brands came out with different levels of quality, features, and quantity, as well as other features. Consumers may switch brands because there are so many different brands for the same thing, along with their desire to find new products. Consumers look at the quality and features of a product, as well as other product attributes when they decide to switch brands. According to the results of data processing on hypothesis testing, Implora brand eyeliner has qualities and features that make people switch brands. This is based on validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests, as well as coefficients of determination. The sampling of 100 people was used in this study, which shows that product features and product quality have a big and positive impact on brand switching. According to the results of data processing on hypothesis testing, Implora brand eyeliner has qualities and features that make people switch brands. KEYWORDS: Product Features, Product Quality, Brand Switching, and Implora Eyeliner

Strategy of Gamification, Product and Pricing: Does It Matter on Buying Interests of Fore Coffee consumers

The aims of this research is to measure the effect of gamification, variety of beverage products and prices on buying interest of Fore Coffee consumers. The data collection technique was in the form of a questionnaire using a google form link that was distributed in several whatsapp groups. The results of the questionnaire were processed using the Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Technique with the SmartPLS application. The results show that the Gamifications contained in the application have an influence on consumer buying interest, seen from the results of testing the proposed model hypothesis. The T-value for the gamification variable is 2,934, which is greater than 1.96. The variety of beverage products found in the coffee application has an influence on consumer buying interest, seen from the results of hypothesis testing with a Tstatistic value of 3.646 which is greater than 1.96. Hypothesis testing shows that the price is not significant to the buying interest of front coffee consumers with a value of 1.94 which is smaller than 1.96. For further research, it can be developed with other gamification benefits embedded in online shopping applications, so that it can add to the repertoire of knowledge in the world of digital marketing.