Lamentations and Canon

The Oxford Handbook of the Writings of the Hebrew Bible ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190212438.013.22 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 198-214

Author(s):

Scott Ellington

Keyword(s):

Dialogical Approach ◽

Multiple Voices ◽

Multiple Levels ◽

Divine Name

Lamentations uses distinct voices to explore the suffering caused by the destruction of Jerusalem and exile of her people. A dialogical approach to the book emphasizes the theological tension created as the poet considers the fate of Israel’s relationship with Yahweh. This dialogue is carried on at multiple levels, within the text itself, over against the silenced divine voice, between Lamentations and other books in the biblical canon, and between the text and its later interpreters. Utilizing the language of prayer and drawing on the divine name, Lamentations centers on the question of God’s continued presence with the Israel. A faithful rendering and reception of Lamentations attends to the multiple voices of the text, respects and provides place for their varied perspectives and contributions, identifies and engages with the community they address and of which they are a part, maintains space for an unspeaking God, and guards the open-ended question which is at the heart of this troubling exchange.

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Migration and the Grotesque in Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses

Anglia - Zeitschrift für englische Philologie ◽

10.1515/anglia-2013-0006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 100-120

Author(s):

Katharina Donn

Keyword(s):

Identity Formation ◽

Mikhail Bakhtin ◽

Postcolonial Literature ◽

Narrative Structure ◽

Satanic Verses ◽

Multiple Voices ◽

Binary Oppositions ◽

Multiple Levels ◽

Cultural Hierarchies ◽

The Grotesque

Abstract In the following, I explore the mutually enriching dialogue between the grotesque (based on Mikhail Bakhtin) and postcolonial literature that provides a leitmotif in Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses on multiple levels: first and foremost, it defines the migrant protagonists’ experience as one of metamorphosis, transgression and change; in the grotesque just as in the experience of migration, the familiar and the unfamiliar conflate, and this is foregrounded in The Satanic Verses in striking manner: the protagonists Saladin Chamcha and Gibreel Farishta transform physically into grotesquely jointed creatures, one an incarnation of the archangelic divine, the other a goatish Satan. In so, the often violent physicality of the grotesque foregrounds the migrant’s identity formation to be one in which the self not only encounters, but physically integrates and eventually transforms constructions of alterity. In very concise terms, identity here emerges to be a relational process, and this is the reason, too, why the grotesque has been hailed as a new form of postcolonial ethics1 concerned with representations of alterity. The grotesque, however, is also a transformatory force, which overtopples hierarchies and binary oppositions. In The Satanic Verses, the migrant protagonists are thus empowered, by way of their transformations, not only to cross but temporarily to displace borders; their chimerical forms interact with the narrative structure and multiple voices of the text to question the value of cultural hierarchies and divides. The grotesque opens up these borderlines into spaces of hybridity and creative energy, and takes effect, too, on the discourses of fundamentalism that are deconstructed in the text itself and became decisive in the notoriously dramatic aftermath of its publication.

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Particle characterization of CVD tungsten metallization for 64 MBIT DRAM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100088798 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 896-897

Author(s):

Marylyn Bennett-Lilley ◽

Thomas T.H. Fu ◽

David D. Yin ◽

R. Allen Bowling

Keyword(s):

Chemical Vapor ◽

Device Performance ◽

Particle Characterization ◽

Particle Generation ◽

Tungsten Hexafluoride ◽

Homogeneous Particle ◽

Multiple Levels ◽

Circuit Density ◽

Sources Of Contamination

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) tungsten metallization is used to increase VLSI device performance due to its low resistivity, and improved reliability over other metallization schemes. Because of its conformal nature as a blanket film, CVD-W has been adapted to multiple levels of metal which increases circuit density. It has been used to fabricate 16 MBIT DRAM technology in a manufacturing environment, and is the metallization for 64 MBIT DRAM technology currently under development. In this work, we investigate some sources of contamination. One possible source of contamination is impurities in the feed tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) gas. Another is particle generation from the various reactor components. Another generation source is homogeneous particle generation of particles from the WF6 gas itself. The purpose of this work is to investigate and analyze CVD-W process-generated particles, and establish a particle characterization methodology.

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