Adolescent Substance Use and Co-Occurring Disorders

2016 ◽  
pp. 530-552
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Wilson ◽  
Megan Janoff
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) have the highest proportion of co-occurring psychiatric disorders (CODs) compared to other age cohorts. Externalizing psychiatric disorders, such as conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit disorders, are most commonly associated with adolescent SUDs compared to older adults with SUD. The developmental psychopathology of SUD is reviewed. Categories of COD are reviewed, in turn, beginning with externalizing or disruptive behavior disorders. Disruptive behavior disorders are critical to the developmental psychopathology of adolescent SUD. Studies of co-occurring depressive and bipolar disorders are then considered in detail, examining the relationship between SUD and these particular CODs. Finally, the relationships between anxiety, thought, eating and personality disorders, and adolescent SUD are examined.

Taxonomy, Classification, and Diagnosis of Disruptive Behavior Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steiner Hans ◽  
Daniels Whitney ◽  
Kelly Michael ◽  
Stadler Christina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

This chapter traces the development of diagnoses attempting to capture antisocial and aggressive behavior. The chapter provides a careful discussion of the advantages of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases systems and their diagnostic grouping. Tracing the processes by which these diagnoses were created, the hidden and obvious problems in the current taxonomy are laid bare. The model of developmental psychopathology, of which disruptive behavior disorders arguably have been called a model disorder, provides concluding comments, which point to the advantages of another taxonomy that hold the promise of improving the state of the current descriptive systems.

scholarly journals Identifying childhood characteristics that underlie premorbid risk for substance use disorders: Socialization and boldness

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Hicks ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
Matt McGue
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Internalizing Distress

AbstractWe utilized a longitudinal twin study (N = 2,510) to identify the child characteristics present prior to initiation of substance use that best predicted later substance use disorders. Two independent traits accounted for the majority of premorbid risk: socialization (conformity to rules and conventional values) and boldness (sociability and social assurance, stress resilience, and thrill seeking). Low socialization was associated with disruptive behavior disorders, parental externalizing disorders, and environmental adversity and exhibited moderate genetic (0.45) and shared environmental influences (0.30). Boldness was highly heritable (0.71) and associated with less internalizing distress and environmental adversity. In combination, these traits exhibited robust associations with adolescent and young adult substance use disorders (R = .48 and .50, respectively) and incremental prediction over disruptive behavior disorders, parental externalizing disorders, and environmental adversity. The results were replicated in an independent sample. Socialization and boldness offer a novel conceptualization of underlying risk for substance use disorders that has the potential to improve prediction and theory with implications for basic research, prevention, and intervention.

scholarly journals Multimodal Ensemble Deep Learning to Predict Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreevalsan S. Menon ◽  
K. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
3D Cnn

Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, collectively referred to as disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), are prevalent psychiatric disorders in children. Early diagnosis of DBDs is crucial because they can increase the risks of other mental health and substance use disorders without appropriate psychosocial interventions and treatment. However, diagnosing DBDs is challenging as they are often comorbid with other disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. In this study, a multimodal ensemble three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) deep learning model was used to classify children with DBDs and typically developing children. The study participants included 419 females and 681 males, aged 108–131 months who were enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Children were grouped based on the presence of DBDs (n = 550) and typically developing (n = 550); assessments were based on the scores from the Child Behavior Checklist and on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Children-Present and Lifetime version for DSM-5. The diffusion, structural, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were used as input data to the 3D CNN. The model achieved 72% accuracy in classifying children with DBDs with 70% sensitivity, 72% specificity, and an F1-score of 70. In addition, the discriminative power of the classifier was investigated by identifying the cortical and subcortical regions primarily involved in the prediction of DBDs using a gradient-weighted class activation mapping method. The classification results were compared with those obtained using the three neuroimaging modalities individually, and a connectome-based graph CNN and a multi-scale recurrent neural network using only the rs-fMRI data.

scholarly journals Reduced activity within the dorsal endogenous orienting of attention network to fearful expressions in youth with disruptive behavior disorders and psychopathic traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart F. White ◽  
W. Craig Williams ◽  
Sarah J. Brislin ◽  
Stephen Sinclair ◽  
Karina S. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Group Congruence ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Endogenous Orienting ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

AbstractUsing behavioral and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response indices through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the current study investigated whether youths with disruptive behavior disorders (conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder) plus psychopathic traits (DBD + PT) show aberrant sensitivity to eye gaze information generally and/or whether they show particular insensitivity to eye gaze information in the context of fearful expressions. The participants were 36 children and adolescents (ages 10–17 years); 17 had DBD + PT and 19 were healthy comparison subjects. Participants performed a spatial attention paradigm where spatial attention was cued by eye gaze in faces displaying fearful, angry, or neutral affect. Eye gaze sensitivity was indexed both behaviorally and as BOLD response. There were no group differences in behavioral response: both groups showed significantly faster responses if the target was in the congruent spatial direction indicated by eye gaze. Neither group showed a Congruence × Emotion interaction; neither group showed an advantage from the displayer's emotional expression behaviorally. However, the BOLD response revealed a significant Group × Congruence × Emotion interaction. The comparison youth showed increased activity within the dorsal endogenous orienting network (superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal sulcus) for fearful congruent relative to incongruent trials relative to the youth with DBD + PT. The results are discussed with reference to current models of DBD + PT and possible treatment innovations.

School Counselors Serving Students with Disruptive Behavior Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2156759X1201600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Grothaus
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Intermittent Explosive Disorder ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Health Disorders

School counselors are in a prime position to collaborate with school and community stakeholders to both prevent and respond to the challenges experienced and exhibited by students with one or more disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). In this article, the DBDs discussed include conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, and adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct. After a brief examination of the costs, classifications and characteristics, comorbidity, and prevalence of this category of mental health disorders, this article presents risk factors and cultural considerations. Finally, the author explores implications and interventions for school counselors.

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