A Method for the Measurement of the Emanation Factor for 222Rn in Small Samples of Porous Materials

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Quindos ◽  
P.L. Fernandez ◽  
J. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Lucas Cell ◽  
Radium Activity

Abstract A method to determine the emanation factor for 222Rn in small samples of soils and building materials is proposed. The method is based on the principle of enclosing the sample to be tested in a hermetically sealed modified Lucas cell, designed and built in our laboratory, and subsequently measuring the radon concentration growth in the cell. The method has been tested for a total of 27 samples with different properties, including soils, building materials and phosphate fertilisers, which were previously evaluated for their physical properties and measured by gamma spectrometry to determine their radium activity concentrations.

scholarly journals Radon concentrations in multi-story buildings in Montenegro

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Perko Vukotic ◽  
Ranko Zekic ◽  
Nevenka Antovic ◽  
Tomislav Andjelic
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Change of radon concentrations in dwellings with floor level was studied in six multi-story buildings, in four towns of Montenegro with different climate conditions. The annual aver- age radon activity concentrations in 35 dwellings are found to be very low, mostly at a level of 20-30 Bqm?3. Absorbed gamma dose rates in these dwellings are in the range of 14-58 nGyh?1. The low radon concentrations are a consequence of a good tightness of the structures in contact with the ground and a small contribution of building materials to radon indoors. A clear general trend of changes in radon concentrations with floor level is not observed. In most of the dwellings on different floors in the multi-story building radon concentration varies very little, mostly within measurement error. A small decrease in radon concentration is noted between the two or three floors closest to the ground, but only in some of the buildings. Therefore, a decrease of indoor radon concentration with floor level cannot be considered as a general characteristic of multi-story buildings. Although the seasonal radon variations have not been in the focus of this study, it was found that the average radon activity concentrations in dwellings of the multi-story buildings are higher in warmer than in cooler half-year period, what is contrary to the general rule for homes in the world and in Montenegro as well.

scholarly journals Assessment of Equivalent Radium Activity and Annual Effective Dose Due to Building Materials in Côte D’Ivoire by Gamma Spectrometry: Cases of Cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (10) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monnehan G. Alain ◽  
Gogon B. D. L. Huberson ◽  
Braffo A. Florentin ◽  
Djagouri Koudou ◽  
Koua A. Antonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Radium Activity

Measurement of radon concentration in kindergartens and schools in Nis, Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Vesna Manic ◽  
Goran Manic ◽  
Branko Radojkovic ◽  
Dusica Vucic ◽  
Dragoslav Nikezic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
The Town ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

In this study, the activity concentration of radon, 222Rn, in kindergartens and schools in the town of Nis, Serbia, was explored. The method of active charcoal was applied. The measurements were carried out by gamma - spectrometry with HPGe detector. The results belong to the range of 15 Bq/m3 - 256 Bq/m3, with an average value of 59.7 Bq/m3 and a standard deviation of 25.3 Bq/m3. It was shown that data are distributed according to the log-normal distribution, and that is no correlation between indoor 222Rn concentrations and the activity concentrations of radium, 226Ra, in the soil.

The Measurements of Natural Radioactivity, (Radon and Gamma concentrations), around the old fertilizer factory in Basrah/Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1324-1335
Author(s):  
Jabbar H. Jebur
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Track Detector ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Passive Technique ◽  
Radium Activity

Radon concentration, exhalation rate, annual effective dose, radium activity, thorium, uranium potassium and radium equivalent have been measured in the present investigation for soil in the area around the old fertilizer factory in southern of Basrah Governorate. The measurements based on CR39 track detector for passive method, RAD7 for active method and NaI(Tl) for gamma concentration measurements. Average values for radon concentration in soil were 112.04±10.76 Bq/m3 using passive technique and 104.56±6.05 Bq/m3 using RAD7. From the result of the passive technique, area and mass exhalation rates and the annual effective dose were calculated. Gamma ray spectroscopy for the soil samples were performed and found that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 50.89 Bq/kg, 21.74 Bq/kg and 640.4 Bq/kg respectively. Gamma ray hazard indices were calculated and found they are within the world average.

Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and the associated radiological hazards in some building materials from Mayo-Kebbi region, Chad

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Penabei ◽  
D. Bongue ◽  
P. Maleka ◽  
T. Dlamini ◽  
Saïdou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radiation Hazard Index

In order to assess the levels of natural radioactivity and the associated radiological hazards in some building materials of the Mayo-Kebbi region (Chad), a total of nineteen samples were collected on the field. Using a high resolution γ-ray spectrometry system, the activity concentrations of radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) in these samples have been determined. The measured average activity concentrations range from 0.56 ± 0.37 Bq kg−1 to 435 ± 7 Bq kg−1, 1.3 ± 0.6 Bq kg−1 to 50.6 ± 1.1 Bq kg−1 and 4.3 ± 2.0 Bq kg−1 to 840 ± 9 Bq kg−1, for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The highest 226Ra average activities is found in soil brick samples of Zabili. The highest mean value of 232Th and 40K concentrations are found in soil brick samples of Madajang. The activity concentration and the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) have been compared to other studies done elsewhere in the world. Their average values are lower than most of those of countries with which the comparison has been made. Were also evaluated, the external radiation hazard index, the internal radiation hazard index, the indoor air absorbed dose rate, the outdoor air absorbed dose rate, the activity utilization index, the annual effective dose, the annual gonadal dose equivalent, the representative level index, as well as, the excess lifetime cancer risk. In accordance with the criterion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, our results show that soil brick samples of Zabili and Madajang increases the risk of radiation exposure, thereby the possibility of developing cancer by people living in this environment. Based on these findings, brick samples from Zabili and Madajang are not recommended for construction purposes. All other sample materials have properties that are acceptable for use as building materials in terms of radiation hazard.

Study on Building Materials and Building Color Attribute Changes in Cold Regional for Weather Factors and Distance

2014 ◽  
Vol 1014 ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Observation Distance ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Distance Conditions ◽  
Color Attribute

The sensory experience of visual perception and quantification of physical properties of colors are combined in this paper, and with the colors commonly used in buildings materials in the cold region of China as an example, based on the visual perception principle, the changes in such color attributes of buildings as chromaticness, blackness and hue in vision in different weather and observation distance conditions are analyzed. The result shows that the stimulus degree of chromaticness and blackness decreases with the increase in observation distance, directly related to weather changes, while hue basically remains unchanged. Keywords: cold regional, color attribute, weather factors

scholarly journals Measurement of NORM in Building Materials to Assess Radiological Hazards to Human Health and Develop the Standard Guidelines for Residents in Thailand: Case Study in Sand Samples Collected from Seven Northeastern Thailand Provinces

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Phachirarat Sola ◽  
Uthaiwan Injarean ◽  
Roppon Picha ◽  
Chutima Kranrod ◽  
Chunyapuk Kukusamude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

A total of 223 sand samples collected from seven provinces in Northeastern Thailand were analyzed for their gamma radioactivity from naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), and the data were used to calculate the concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40. Radiological safety indicators such as the indoor external dose rates (Din), the annual indoor effective dose (Ein), the activity concentration index (I), the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the external hazard index (Hex), the internal haphazard index (Hin), and the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated. The activity concentrations were found to be 36 ± 10 Bq/kg for Ra-226, 2.64 ± 0.58 Bq/kg for Th-232, and 323 ± 168  Bq/kg for K-40. Din is 62 ± 23 nGy/h. The Ein is 0.30 ± 0.11 mSv/y. The activity concentrations and other indicators were reported by each province and compared with the safety standards and are found to be within the safe limits in this study. The results can be used to develop the standard guideline levels for choosing building materials in Thailand.

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