Effect of Illumination on Human Drone Interaction Tasks: An Exploratory Study

With recent changes by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) opening the possibility of more areas for drones to be used, such as delivery, there will be increasingly more intera ctions between humans and drones soon. Although current human drone interaction (HDI) investigate what factors are necessary for safe interactions, very few has focused on drone illumination. Therefore, in this study, we explored how illumination affects users’ perception of the drone through a distance perception task. Data analysis did not indicate any significant effects in the normal distance estimation task for illumination or distance conditions. However, most participants underestimated the distance in the normal distance estimation task and indicated that the LED drone was closer when it wa s illuminated during the relative distance estimation task, even though the drones were equidistant. In future studies, factors such as the weather conditions, lighting patterns, and height of the drone will be explored.

Use’s perception of the social networks in young people at the Ica city, 2020 [Percepción sobre el uso de las redes sociales en jóvenes de la ciudad de Ica, 2020]

The research was oriented to the development of perception of the use of social networks in young people of the city of Ica. The study sought to know the habits and customs of those investigated, about the use of networks and the role played by the devices that produce, receive, process, store and transmit information without distance conditions, and in real time. The research was qualitative as well as descriptive. The population consisted of 59,247 young people aged 20 to 30 years and the sample 384 young people (120 were women and 264 men). The survey technique was used and the instrument was the questionnaire. It was concluded that young people, due to their personal characteristics and the conflicts that they are experiencing, require a personal and social world where family, friends and loved ones share their lives. Social networks are constituted as an alternative to satisfy these needs, which is generating an increase in their addiction day by day because they are participants in the various alternatives that these environments offer. The results were: 43.49% said that they frequently use the internet, 25.7% said that Facebook is the social network of their preference, another 54.17 said that it is essential to use the social network of their preference, 34.9% said that important activities for being connected to a social network, in addition to a 40.36 established that what most attracts them is talking with friends.

Accommodative relaxation by extending the viewing distance through the simple optical design of a double-mirror system

This paper discusses the accommodative relaxation of myopic adults by using a simple double-mirror design. This optical design can extend the viewing distance to 2.285 m and magnify the image up to 3.79 times, and it results in the accommodative relaxation of a single human eye. We recruited 32 subjects with an average age of 20.8 ± 0.95 years old. After an examination of their refractive status, the disposable contact lenses with a corresponding refractive error were corrected, and the dynamic accommodative response and the change in pupil size were measured by using an open-field auto-refractor. The dynamic accommodative responses and pupil size data were collected under two viewing distance conditions. When the subjects gazed at a real object that was 0.4 m away, or a virtual image that was 2.285 m away, the mean value of the accommodative response was 1.69 ± 0.31D or 0.11 ± 0.05D, and the pupil size was 3.79 ± 0.49 mm or 4.09 ± 0.72 mm, respectively. The accommodative response decreased and the pupil size increased by using the double-mirror system, and therefore, accommodative relaxation can be achieved by using this new optical design. In this study, we first successfully proposed a simple optical design to relax the accommodation, and the fluctuations of the accommodation response were stable, with the extended viewing distance of 2.285 m. This design may be applied for the improvement of visual function, such as the reduction of asthenopia and the control of myopia.

PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF CONCERT EDUCATIONAL WORK IN DISTANCE CONDITIONS

The article discusses the problems of concert educational work in distance conditions, as well as the possibilities that are associated with this format of activities of musical educational organizations in terms of attracting a new target audience. The purpose of the article is to present the results of an empirical study, conducted by the author during the quarantine period on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and includes a group of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction), as well as a group of special methods: content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic; sociological survey method (questionnaire survey); method of statistical data analysis. The data obtained during the empirical study was processed using the advanced analytics program Neural Designer. The materials of the research were the answers of respondents to three questionnaires containing questions about the quality of concert and educational activities in a distance format. Based on the results of the empirical study, the author of the article came to the following conclusions: the main problem of the concert and educational work of music institutions in a distance format is the low level of awareness of the potential target audience about educational projects, which is associated with the lack of information about musical educational projects in social networks, as well as with the absence of online broadcasts based on a subscription in the media environment. Based on the identified problems, the author of the article provides practical recommendations.

Pedestrians’ understanding of fully autonomous vehicles (FAV) intent to stop

This study explored pedestrians’ understanding of Fully Autonomous Vehicle (FAV) intention and what influences their decision to cross. Twenty participants saw fixed simulated urban road crossing scenes with a FAV present on the road. The scenes differed from one another in the FAV’s messages: the external Human-Machine Interfaces (e-HMI) background color, message type and modality, the FAV’s distance from the crossing place, and its size. Eye-tracking data and objective measurements were collected. Results revealed that pedestrians looked at the e-HMI before making their decision; however, they did not always make the decision according to the e-HMIs’ color, instructions (in advice messages), or intention (in status messages). Moreover, when they acted according to the e-HMI proposition, for certain distance conditions, they tended to hesitate before making the decision. Findings suggest that pedestrians’ decision making to cross depends on a combination of the e-HMI implementation and the car distance. Future work should explore the robustness of the findings in dynamic and more complex crossing environments.

The influence of vergence facility on binocular eye movements during reading

Optometrists regularly use binocular measurements in patients with asthenopic complaints when performing close-up work. The focus of this work was therefore on the correlation of optometric parameters and objective fixation disparity (FD) measured by an eye tracker. In our investigation, 20 participants (6 male, 14 female) were subjected to a classical optometric procedure. Subsequently, these subjects read various sentences on a screen and eye movements were registered by using a RED500 eye tracker. The experiment was performed under two reading distance conditions. In order to be comparable with previous work, the present study was conducted under dark illumination conditions (J. A. Kirkby, Blythe, Drieghe, Benson, & Liversedge, 2013). FD values were deduced from objective eye tracking data during reading. Data analysis was done using linear mixed-effects models. FD was found to depend on vergence facility (t=3.3, p=0.004). Subjects with a low vergence facility showed more eso fixation disparity than subjects with a normal vergence facility. If studies of binocular coordination using eye tracking methods are performed under dark illumination conditions, vergence facility is an important parameter and should be accounted for. Neglecting this parameter may mask other important parameters. Vergence facility in context of reading difficulties may be important.

Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics and Instability Law of Inverse Fault under the Influence of Mining

In order to explore the mechanical characteristics and stability of the reverse fault under the influence of mining, an inverse mechanics model has been built under work face mining conditions, according to the law of working surface pressure distribution. As a result, a theoretical calculation equation of the normal and shear stresses in the fault zone have been deduced to obtain the stress variation rule between the working surface and the fault layer, under distance conditions of 10, 30, 50, and 70m. With distance conditions of 10 and 30m, the working surface mining stress had an obvious effect on the reverse fault, resulting in a changing trend of firstly increasing, then decreasing, and increasing again in the normal and shear stresses of the fault zone as a whole. With distance conditions of 50 and 70m, the working face mining stress had little effect on the reverse fault; furthermore, the normal and shear stresses exhibited a changing trend of gradually increasing. At a later stage, a simulation of the above distance plans was conducted using the FLAC3D numerical simulation software. The results demonstrated that the influence range of the mining stress on the working face under the spacing distances of 10 and 30m included the fault zone, while under the distance conditions of 50 and 70m, the fault zone was excluded. On this basis, the fault zone stability was analysed under four types of spacing conditions by means of the Mohr Coulomb theory rule and fault activation determination. It is concluded that the fault zone stability was high, with increasing distances between the working face and fault zone. The least sufficient stability was located near the working face, where the fault zone stability was so poor that it is likely to result in impact fracture.

The Victim–Offender Relationship and Police Charging Decisions for Juvenile Delinquents

While research has established how victim–offender relationship (social distance) relates to police decision-making, comparatively little research has examined this relationship among juvenile delinquents. This article examines how the social relationship between victim and offender has a main and moderating relationship with police charging decisions among juvenile delinquents in Canada. Incidents recorded using the Uniform Crime Reporting Incident-Based Survey ( N = 130,090) are modeled using logistic regression to predict the odds of police laying a charge. Independent variables include nature of the victim–offender relationship as well as demographic, geographic, and offense-specific variables. Main effects models show that incidents involving current intimate partners are most likely to result in arrest, followed by incidents involving strangers. Importantly, stratified models suggest that social distance conditions how other legal and extralegal factors relate to police arrest decisions. Similar to the adult offending population, victim–offender relationship shapes the way criminal incidents are officially addressed in complex ways.

Biomechanical Analysis of the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper-Extremity Stability Test

Context:The closed kinetic chain upper-extremity stability (CKCUES) test is a functional test for the upper extremity performed in the push-up position, where individuals support their body weight on 1 hand placed on the ground and swing the opposite hand until touching the hand on the ground, then switch hands and repeat the process as fast as possible for 15 s.Objective:To study scapular kinematic and kinetic measures during the CKCUES test for 3 different distances between hands.Design:Experimental.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:30 healthy individuals (15 male, 15 female).Main Outcome Measures:Participants performed 3 repetitions of the test at 3 distance conditions: original (36 in), interacromial, and 150% interacromial distance between hands. Participants completed a questionnaire on pain intensity and perceived exertion before and after the procedures. Scapular internal/external rotation, upward/downward rotation, and posterior/anterior tilting kinematics and kinetic data on maximum force and time to maximum force were measured bilaterally in all participants. Percentage of body weight on upper extremities was calculated. Data analyses were based on the total numbers of hand touches performed for each distance condition, and scapular kinematics and kinetic values were averaged over the 3 trials. Scapular kinematics, maximum force, and time to maximum force were compared for the 3 distance conditions within each gender. Significance level was set at α = .05.Results:Scapular internal rotation, posterior tilting, and upward rotation were significantly greater in the dominant side for both genders. Scapular upward rotation was significantly greater in original distance than interacromial distance in swing phase. Time to maximum force in women was significantly greater in the dominant side.Conclusion:CKCUES test kinematic and kinetic measures were not different among 3 conditions based on distance between hands. However, the test might not be suitable for initial or mild-level rehabilitation due to its challenging requirements.