61 Cow’s milk fat and child adiposity: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background International guidelines recommend that children older than 2 years of age consume reduced fat (0.1-2%) instead of whole cow’s milk (3.25% fat) to prevent childhood obesity, but these guidelines are consensus-based and have a low GRADE level of evidence. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between cow’s milk fat (0.1-3.25%) intake and Body Mass Index z-score (zBMI) in children aged 9 months to 8 years. The secondary objective was to determine the relationship between cow’s milk fat intake and odds of overweight (zBMI >1) and obesity (zBMI > 2). Design/Methods A prospective cohort study of children 9 months to 8 years of age was conducted through the TARGet Kids! primary care research network. The primary exposure was cow’s milk fat consumption (skim (0.1%), 1%, 2%, or whole [3.25%]), measured by parental report. The primary outcome was zBMI, an age and sex adjusted measure of child adiposity. Height and weight were measured by trained research assistants and zBMI was determined according to the WHO growth standards. A linear mixed effects model and logistic generalized estimating equations were used to determine the longitudinal association between cow’s milk fat intake and child zBMI. Results Among children aged 9 months to 8 years of age (N= 7467), each 1% increase in cow’s milk fat consumed was associated with a 0.05 lower zBMI score (95% CI -0.07 to -0.03, p< 0.0001). Compared to children who consumed reduced fat (0.1-2%) cow’s milk, there was evidence that children who consumed whole cow’s milk had 16% lower odds of overweight (OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.91), p< 0.0001) and 18% lower odds of obesity (OR= 0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.00, p= 0.047). Conclusion Guidelines for reduced fat instead of whole cow’s milk during childhood may not be effective in preventing overweight or obesity. Randomized controlled trial data is needed to understand which cow’s milk fat optimizes child growth, development and nutrition.

Download Full-text

Cow’s milk fat and child adiposity: a prospective cohort study

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-021-00948-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shelley M. Vanderhout ◽

Charles D. G. Keown-Stoneman ◽

Catherine S. Birken ◽

Deborah L. O’Connor ◽

Kevin E. Thorpe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk

Download Full-text

Mislabelled cow's milk allergy in infants: a prospective cohort study

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2012-302721 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 408-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Elizur ◽

M. Cohen ◽

M. R. Goldberg ◽

N. Rajuan ◽

Y. Katz

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow's Milk Allergy

Download Full-text

Continuous Cow’s Milk Protein Consumption from Birth and a Decrease in Milk Allergy: a Prospective Cohort Study Related to the PETIT Study

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.275 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 141 (2) ◽

pp. AB85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Osamu Natsume ◽

Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada ◽

Shigenori Kabashima ◽

Junko Nakazato ◽

Masami Narita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Protein Consumption ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow’S Milk Protein

Download Full-text

A qualitative study to understand parent and physician perspectives about cow’s milk fat for children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001900243x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 3017-3024

Author(s):

Shelley M Vanderhout ◽

Clara Juando-Prats ◽

Catherine S Birken ◽

Kevin E Thorpe ◽

Jonathon L Maguire

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Research Network ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Analysis ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Reduced Fat ◽

Practice Based Research

AbstractObjective:Consensus guidelines recommend that children consume reduced-fat (0·1–2 %) cow’s milk at age 2 years to reduce the risk of obesity. Behaviours and perspectives of parents and physicians about cow’s milk fat for children are unknown. Objectives were to: (i) understand what cow’s milk fat recommendations physicians provide to 2-year-old children; (ii) assess the acceptability of reduced-fat v. whole cow’s milk in children’s diets by parents and physicians; and (iii) explore attitudes and perceptions about cow’s milk fat for children.Design:Online questionnaires and individual interviews were conducted. Questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Interview transcripts were analysed using a general inductive approach and thematic analysis.Setting:The TARGet Kids! practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada.Participants:Questionnaire respondents included fifty parents and fifteen physicians; individual interviews were conducted with with fourteen parents and twelve physicians.Results:Physicians provided various milk fat recommendations for 2-year-old children. Parents also provided different cow’s milks: eighteen (36 %) provided whole milk and twenty-nine (58 %) provided reduced-fat milk. Analysis of qualitative interviews revealed three themes: (i) healthy eating behaviours, (ii) trustworthy nutrition information and (iii) importance of dietary fat for children.Conclusions:Parents provide, and physicians recommend, a variety of cow’s milks for children and hold mixed interpretations of the role of cow’s milk fat in children’s diets. Clarity about its effect on child adiposity is needed to help make informed decisions about cow’s milk fat for children.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Dietary saturated fat intake and atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality in elderly women: a prospective cohort study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725478498.793508191 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Mikael Fogelholm

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

Saturated Fat Intake

Download Full-text

Correction to: Fat intake during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia: a prospective cohort study in Denmark

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-021-00930-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariel Arvizu ◽

Myriam C. Afeiche ◽

Susanne Hansen ◽

Thorhallur F. Halldorsson ◽

Sjurdur F. Olsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Risk Of Preeclampsia

Download Full-text

Sperm mitochondrial DNA biomarkers and couple fecundity

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deaa191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (11) ◽

pp. 2619-2625

Author(s):

Allyson J Rosati ◽

Brian W Whitcomb ◽

Nicole Brandon ◽

Germaine M Buck Louis ◽

Sunni L Mumford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Cohort Study ◽

General Population ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

Fertility Treatment ◽

Semen Parameters ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Lower Odds

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Do sperm mitochondrial DNA measures predict probability of pregnancy among couples in the general population? SUMMARY ANSWER Those with high sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) had as much as 50% lower odds of cycle-specific pregnancy, and 18% lower probability of pregnancy within 12 months. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Semen parameters have been found to poorly predict reproductive success yet are the most prevalent diagnostic tool for male infertility. Increased sperm mtDNAcn and mitochondrial DNA deletions (mtDNAdel) have been associated with decreased semen quality and lower odds of fertilization in men seeking fertility treatment. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A population-based prospective cohort study of couples discontinuing contraception to become pregnant recruited from 16 US counties from 2005 to 2009 followed for up to 16 months. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel from 384 semen samples were assessed via triplex probe-based quantitative PCR. Probability of pregnancy within 1 year was compared by mitochondrial DNA, and discrete-time proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relations with time-to-pregnancy (TTP) with adjustment for covariates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Higher sperm mtDNAcn was associated with lower pregnancy probability within 12 months and longer TTP. In unadjusted comparisons by quartile (Q), those in Q4 had a pregnancy probability of 63.5% (95% CI: 53.1% to 73.1%) compared to 82.3% (95% CI: 73.2% to 89.9%) for Q1 (P = 0.002). Similar results were observed in survival analyses adjusting for covariates to estimate fecundability odds ratios (FORs) comparing mtDNAcn in quartiles. Relative to those in Q1 of mtDNAcn, FORs (95% CI) were for Q2 of 0.78 (0.52 to 1.16), Q3 of 0.65 (0.44 to 0.96) and Q4 of 0.55 (0.37 to 0.81), and this trend of decreasing fecundability with increasing mtDNAcn quartile was statistically significant (FOR per log mtDNAcn = 0.37; P < 0.001). Sperm mtDNAdel was not associated with TTP. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This prospective cohort study consisted primarily of Caucasian men and women and thus large diverse cohorts are necessary to confirm the associations between sperm mtDNAcn and couple pregnancy success in other races/ethnicities. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that sperm mtDNAcn has utility as a biomarker of male reproductive health and probability of pregnancy success in the general population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R01-ES028298; PI: J.R.P.) and the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Contracts N01-HD-3-3355, N01-HD-3-3356 and N01-HD-3-3358). The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A

Download Full-text