Evaluation of post-operative complications after Milligan- Morgan haemorrhoidectomy versus Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy techniques

Background Haemorrhoidal disease is one of the oldest illnesses known to mankind. It leads to significant pain, discomfort and poor quality of life. It is one of the common diseases which affect mankind but it is difficult to give an accurate figure of the prevalence because although many patients present with symptoms, many do not and some never bring it to notice of clinicians. The word hemorrhoids means flow of blood, the word pile means a ball, indicating two cardinal symptoms of this disease; bleeding per rectum and mass per anus. Aim of the work Aim of the work is to detect and compare the post-operative complications (Pain, Bleeding and anal stenosis) after 2 of the most commonly used techniques for management of the clinically diagnosed third and fourth stage hemorrhoids: Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy and stapler hemorrhoidopexy. Patient and Methods After obtaining approval from The College Ethical Committee, the study entitled "Evaluation of Postoperative Complications after Open MM Hemorrhidectomy versus Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy" was conducted on a total of 30 patients with hemorrhoids undergoing either conventional hemorrhoidectomy by Milligan Morgan (MM) technique or stapler hemorrhoidopexy. The patients were selected randomly after fulfilling the inclusion criteria in the department of general surgery, Ain Shams University hospitals over a period of 4 months starting from 1 August 2019 to 1 December 2019. Patients were admitted via surgical outpatient clinic. Patients were randomly distributed to 2 groups (A & B), each group containing 15 patients. Results A total of 30 patients who underwent either conventional hemorrhoidectomy (CH) or stapler hemorrhoidopexy (SH) in The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University included in this study for 4 months started from 1/8/2019 and ended in 1/12/2019 and the following results are obtained. Conclusion Haemorrhoidal disease is considered as one of the commonest ano-rectal diseases. Non-surgical measures whatever drug therapy or office procedures, can be presented to the patients with stage 1 and stage 2 haemorrhoids. However, when these measures fail, surgical intervention must be thought for the patients with stage 3 and stage 4 haemorrhoids. Surgical intervention should be tailored to each patient in accordance to the seriousness of symptoms, the magnitude of the external anorectal element and the presence of any concurrent ano-rectal morbidity. At present, there are many surgical interventions obtainable for treatment of prolapsing piles disease and most of them yielding acceptable success rates. Conventional Haemorrhoidectomy (CH) whatever open (Milligan Morgan) or closed (Ferguson) is considered the gold standard for surgical intervention of piles but due to the severe associated post-operative pain, especially with defecation, Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy (SH) seems to present shorter operative time, less post-operative pain, less bleeding and anal stricture and also less time off work in comparison with CH. Although rare but horrible complications have been noted with SH, which dictate that SH should be performed only by experienced surgeons. Eventually we strongly recommend the use of stapler devices for haemorrhoidectomy when and where possible especially for high grade and prolapsing haemorrhoids although more research and study should be made in this concern for more confirmation of our results due to decreased specimen size and short post-operative follow up period in our study.