Underwater Photogrammetry Captures the Initial Recovery of a Coral Reef at Lalo Atoll

Recovery of coral reefs after physical damage sustained from storm events can be affected by various factors. Here, we examined the initial recovery of a coral reef at the southern end of uninhabited Lalo Atoll of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument after its complete destruction by Hurricane Walaka in 2018. While the site was still mostly (98%) covered by a mixture of rubble and sand, surveys utilizing underwater photogrammetry allowed for detailed quantitative assessments of benthic cover and confirmed colonization of coral (Pocillopora meandrina and Porites lobata), macroalgae and sponges. The proportion of sand in the rubble–sand mixture also decreased from the level observed in 2019. Visual fish surveys confirmed the presence of 35 reef fish species, a large increase from no reef fish in 2019, despite the low biotic benthic cover. Overall, the colonization of benthic organisms and the return of reef fish, which is potentially supported by the benthos and cryptofauna in the rubble bed, offer positive signs of reef recovery. The photogrammetric surveys in the present study captured the subtle changes in the benthic cover and provided us with a procedure to continue monitoring the succession of the site. Continuous monitoring of the site should reveal whether the reef returns to the original state of Acropora coral dominance or progresses towards a coral assemblage with a different composition.

Komunikasi Keluarga Penyintas Covid-19 di Pedesaan: (Studi Kasus Banyumas dan Cilacap)

The Covid-19 pandemic that has lasted for more than a year has changed many things. One thing that has changed is family communication, especially one whose members have been confirmed positive for Covid-19. This study aims to determine: 1) the communication patterns of the families of covid-19 survivors; 2) the supporting and inhibiting factors in healing psychological trauma due to Covid-19; and 3) the communication patterns of the survivors before, during, and after recovering from Covid-19. The research method used is a case study conducted in Sawitan Village, Banyumas Regency, and Rikmayung Village, Cilacap Regency. The study results show that: 1) family members are the prominent supporters of communication during survivors experiencing symptoms of Covid-19, and during the initial recovery period and socializing with the community; 2) the supporting factor for healing psychological trauma is family communication with a positive tone and good communication with neighbours and the environment, while the inhibiting factor is communication avoidance, and 3) Covid-19 survivors tend to communicate more empathy with other sufferers and are more careful in carrying out health protocols.

Expressing gratitude versus empathetic apology: which one is better to use as an initial recovery strategy after a service failure?

PurposeThe main purpose of this work is to evaluate the different psychological impacts of two initial verbal recovery strategies (gratitude vs empathetic apology) on the consumers' loyalty after a service failure. The proposed theoretical model also appraises the mediating role of two emotional responses (consumer forgiveness, consumer anger) and consumer self-esteem and the moderating role of self-oriented perfectionism.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies (i.e. an experimental design and a field study) are considered for this investigation to assess the effectiveness of gratitude expression versus empathetic apology on post-recovery loyalty and test the effects of mediators and the moderator applied between the verbal recovery strategies and post-recovery loyalty.FindingsThe results of Study 1 revealed the supremacy of gratitude to empathetic apology in maintaining consumers' loyalty after service failure recovery. The better impact of gratitude expressed in increasing post-recovery loyalty is mediated through the elevation of consumers' forgiveness, the reduction of consumers' anger and consumers' self-esteem. The findings of Study 2 indicated that gratitude increases more post-recovery loyalty through individuals with a high level of self-oriented perfectionism.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could examine other service failure situations, different types of service recovery, mediators or moderators, which contribute to the service marketing literature.Practical implicationsAfter a service failure, using gratitude expressions to consumers often makes them feel better and more valuable.Originality/valueThis work increases service providers' knowledge in using proper expressions after a service failure to help elevate consumers' positive reactions resulting in maintaining their loyalty.

TWMP-02. Supplementary motor area syndrome in glioma surgery - towards a classification system based on clinical and imaging data

OBJECTIVES Surgical resection of gliomas involving the supplementary motor area (SMA) frequently results in a symptom complex commonly described as „SMA syndrome“, which is characterized by transient contralateral akinesia and mutism. As factors potentially influencing the severity and duration of symptoms still remain elusive, we aim to further investigate potential predictors in a multicentric cohort of glioma patients. METHODS Fifty patients with gliomas located in the superior frontal gyrus from 3 centers were included in this retrospective study. Patients with injury of M1 and/or the corticospinal tract were excluded. Early postoperative motor outcome, the occurrence of mutism and duration of acute symptoms in days were assessed. The long-term outcome was assessed in follow-up examinations 3 months after surgery. Atlas-based lesion-symptom mapping was performed using postoperative MR imaging estimating surgical grey matter damage as well as white matter disconnection severity. Associations between functional outcome and imaging findings were analyzed using group tests and correlation analyses. RESULTS Median duration of symptoms in the cohort was 3 days (range: 1 – 42 days). Persistent deficits concerning fine motor movements and speech after initial recovery were found in 27 patients (54%). Disconnection of the central segment of the corpus callosum was associated with longer symptom duration (FDR corr. p < 0.05), while disconnection of the mid-posterior segment of the corpus callosum was associated with persistent deficits at follow-up (FDR corr. p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows a high variability regarding the recovery time of postoperative SMA syndrome and a high prevalence of persistent deficits in fine motor movements and speech after initial recovery of acute symptoms. The pivotal role of interhemispheric connectivity in the recovery process is reinforced. These findings will help neurosurgeons in patient consultation and provide a foundation for future studies aiming to establish prediction models of the SMA syndrome.

POST COVID SYNDROME; A SCENARIO TO BE TAKEN CARE OF.

BACKGROUND: COVID -19 pandemic is the most important public health problem of recent time. Tens and thousands of people have suffered with COVID-19 in last one and half year. Most people who have suffered with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks but majority of patients continue to have varied symptoms after initial recovery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of Post COVID symptoms, to assess requirement of treatment and to make recommendation for Post COVID syndrome care. METHODS: Present cross-sectional study was done among patients who recovered from COVID-19 in GIMS Hospital of Kalaburagi district. Mobile numbers of COVID patients were collected from records. Total 100 randomly selected patients were contacted and information regarding post covid symptoms in between 6 weeks to 12 weeks after recovery from COVID-19 was collected. RESULT: 87%patients developed one or more post covid symptoms. Weakness was reported to be most common problem (55%), followed by body ache (26%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as difculty in concentration and insomnia (22%). Every fth patient reported that symptoms persisted for more than 1 month. Though most of the respondents classied their symptoms as mild and moderate (52.5% and 37.9% respectively), 47% of the symptomatic patients have to take some treatment for these symptoms. CONCLUSION: Post COVID symptoms are common but usually less severe. Many of patients required conservative management with medications. Many patients required lot of counselling. Almost one in ve patients reported that symptoms persisted for more than one month. The results highlight the need for post Covid care for COVID recovered patients.

CT findings in sequel of COVID-19 pneumonia and its complications: a pictorial review

A significant number of patients after initial recovery from COVID-19 continue to experience lingering symptoms of the disease that may last for weeks or even months. Lungs being the most commonly affected organ by COVID-19, bear the major brunt of the disease and thus it is imperative to be aware of the evolution of the pulmonary parenchymal changes over time. CT chest is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate post-COVID lungs. Persistent ground-glass opacities, septal thickening and parenchymal bands, crazy-paving, traction bronchiectasis and consolidation constitute the commonly encountered imaging patterns seen on CT in post COVID-19 lungs. Few vulnerable patients can develop lung fibrosis and show honeycombing on CT. Additionally, many complications like superadded infections (bacterial and fungal), pulmonary thromboembolism and pseudoaneurysm formation are also being reported. In the present pictorial review, we have tried to show the entire CT spectrum of sequelae of COVID-19 pneumonia and commonly associated infections and vascular complications.

Overview of acute kidney manifestations and management of patients with COVID-19

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several manifestations of kidney involvement associated with infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have been described, including proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury. A growing body of literature has explored the risk factors and pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), including direct and indirect mechanisms, as well as early postdischarge outcomes that may result from various manifestations of kidney involvement. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge of the epidemiology of COVID-19-associated AKI, potential mechanisms and pathogenesis of AKI, and various management strategies for patients in the acute setting. We highlight how kidney replacement therapy for patients with COVID-19-associated AKI has been affected by the increasing demand for dialysis and how the postacute management of patients, including outpatient follow-up, is vitally important. We also review what is presently known about long-term kidney outcomes after the initial recovery from COVID-19. We provide some guidance as to the management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who are at risk for AKI as well as for future clinical research in the setting of COVID-19 and the significance of early identification of patients at highest risk for adverse kidney outcomes.

Initial recovery of demersal fish communities in coastal waters of Hong Kong, South China, following a trawl ban

Fisheries resources in Hong Kong have been overexploited since the 1970s due to intensive bottom trawling and other fishing activities that have depleted stocks and destroyed marine habitat. To rehabilitate depleted fisheries resources, a permanent ban on trawling in Hong Kong territorial waters came into force on December 31, 2012. In order to determine whether the trawl facilitated recovery of fish communities, trawl surveys were conducted at two sites in each of the eastern, southern and western (estuarine) coastal waters of Hong Kong before and three years after the trawl ban. A total of 315 species and 86 families of fishes in nine feeding groups were encountered during the surveys. Mean trophic level of the fish community, abundance and biomass of total fishes and of predatory fishes increased in eastern and western waters after the ban, but no changes or declines in these metrics were observed in southern waters. Although initial recovery in fish community were observed in eastern and western waters, anthropogenic disturbances might hinder the recovery process, including a large-scale reclamation for construction of coastal infrastructures in the west, illegal trawling, and expansion of non-trawling fishing efforts in the southern and eastern waters. Longer term monitoring is needed to evaluate the effects of the trawl ban, and determine whether recovery in the southern waters will continue to be constrained by the anthropogenic disturbances. Graphic abstract

Hematopoietic recovery after transplantation is primarily derived from the stochastic contribution of hematopoietic stem cells

Reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is assumed to occur in two distinct phases: initial recovery mediated by short-term progenitors and long-term repopulation by multipotent HSCs which do not contribute to hematopoietic reconstitution during the first 6-9 months. We have previously reported the transplantation and exclusive engraftment of the HSC-enriched CD34+CD45RA-CD90+ phenotype in a nonhuman primate model. Here, we closely followed the clonal diversity and kinetics in these animals. Enhanced sampling and high density clonal tracking within the first 3 month revealed that multipotent HSCs actively contributed to the early phases of neutrophil recovery and became the dominant source for blood cells as early as 50 days after transplant. Longitudinal changes in clonal diversity supported a stochastic engraftment of HSCs with the majority of HSCs clones vanishing early during neutrophil recovery and a smaller fraction of HSC clones expanding into bigger pools to support long-term hematopoiesis. In contrast to the bi-phasic model, we propose that hematopoietic recovery after myeloablation and transplantation is primarily derived from HSCs in a stochastic manner rather than in two phases by independent cell populations.