735 Neighborhood Stress Predicts Fear of Sleep Independently of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A287-A287
Author(s):  
Milan Poindexter ◽  
Alicia Stokes ◽  
Thomas Mellman
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Ptsd Severity ◽  
Neighborhood Stress

Abstract Introduction Chronic insufficient sleep is linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes, with African Americans reporting and objectively receiving poorer sleep outcomes in comparison to their non-Hispanic white counterparts. African Americans live disproportionately in low-income and disordered neighborhoods that increase one’s risk of experiencing a traumatic event and interfere with sleep. It has been demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder disrupts sleep in part due to its association with sleep-related fears. However, less research has evaluated the additional contribution of perceived neighborhood stress on the sleep-related fears African Americans experience in their sleep environments. Methods The present study features a nonclinical sample of 163 African American participants (ages 18–35) who reside in DC to investigate whether PTSD severity (Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 Severity Score, CAPS-5) and perceived neighborhood stress (City Stress Index, CSI) are predictive of sleep-related fears (Fear of Sleep Inventory, FoSI). Results After controlling for gender, hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that PTSD severity and perceptions of the neighborhood environment accounted for approximately 33% of the variance in sleep-related fears (∆R2 = .329, p = .000). Regression coefficients suggest that subjective perceptions of the neighborhood (β = .388) may be a stronger predictor of sleep-related fears than PTSD severity (β = .300) Conclusion Results from this study have implications for future interventions that involve improving coping skills among African Americans in the context of their sleep environments. Support (if any) 5R01HL136626 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute

scholarly journals Treatment barriers for low-income, urban African Americans with undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina G. Davis ◽  
Kerry J. Ressler ◽  
Ann C. Schwartz ◽  
Kisha James Stephens ◽  
Rebekah G. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Barriers

Intimate Partner Violence Predicts Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity Independent of Early Life and Deployment-Related Trauma in Deployed Men and Women Veterans

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093851
Author(s):  
Meghan E. Pierce ◽  
Catherine Fortier ◽  
Jennifer R. Fonda ◽  
William Milberg ◽  
Regina McGlinchey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse perpetrated by a current or former partner. IPV affects both genders, though little is known about its effects on men as victims. The aims of this study were to determine if IPV is a factor contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity independently of deployment-related trauma, and to determine if there are gender differences in these associations. Participants were 46 female and 471 male post-9/11 veterans. Four sequential regressions were employed to examine the independent contribution of IPV among multiple trauma types on PTSD severity in men and women at two epochs, post-deployment (participants were anchored to deployment-related PTSD symptoms) and current (within the past month). Models were significant for both epochs in men ( ps < .001) but not in women ( ps > .230). In men, IPV independently predicted PTSD severity in both epochs (β > .093). However, in women, early life trauma (β = .284), but not IPV was a significant and independent predictor for current PTSD. Thus, there are distinct gender differences in how trauma type contributes to PTSD symptom severity. Although the statistical models were not significant in women, we observed similar patterns of results as in men and, in some cases, the β was actually higher in women than in men, suggesting a lack of power in our analyses. More research is clearly needed to follow-up these results; however, our findings indicate that IPV is a contributing factor to PTSD severity in veterans.

Attachment Orientations Moderate the Self-Amplifying Cycle of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Negative Cognitions—A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafit Levin ◽  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Zahava Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
The Self ◽  
Negative Cognitions ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Introduction: We examined whether attachment orientations moderated the self-amplifying cycle of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and negative cognitions, decades after the trauma ended. Method: We sampled Israeli veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur War and assessed PTSD severity and cognitions about the self and the world, twice—35 (T1) and 42 (T2) years after the war. At T1, we assessed participants’ attachment orientations (anxiety, avoidance). Results: Findings provided support for a self-amplifying cycle of PTSD severity and negative cognitions about others’ benevolence during the seven-year study period. Findings also indicated that this self-amplifying cycle was significant only among veterans who scored relatively high on attachment anxiety but not among those who had less anxious attachment. Attachment avoidance also moderated the prospective contribution of negative cognitions about the self and others to PTSD severity seven years later. Discussion: The psychological mechanisms underlying the observed effects of attachment orientations were discussed.

Partner abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for suicide attempts in a sample of low-income, inner-city women

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martie P. Thompson ◽  
Nadine J. Kaslow ◽  
J. B. Kingree ◽  
Robin Puett ◽  
Nancy J. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

scholarly journals Posttraumatic stress disorder in African Americans: A two year follow-up study

2014 ◽  
Vol 220 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos I. Pérez Benítez ◽  
Nicholas J. Sibrava ◽  
Laura Kohn-Wood ◽  
Andri S. Bjornsson ◽  
Caron Zlotnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Follow Up Study

Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Help-Seeking Victims of Sexual Assault

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ask Elklit ◽  
Dorte M. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in the aftermath of rape and other sexual assault, but the risk factors leading to PTSD following rape have been shown to differ from those related to PTSD following nonsexual assault. This prospective study examined risk factors for PTSD severity in 148 female help-seeking victims of sexual assault. Approximately 70% of the victims experienced significant levels of traumatization, with 45% reporting symptoms consistent with a probable PTSD diagnosis. Regression analyses showed that relationship with the assailant, number of assailants, the nature of the assault, perceived positive social support, support satisfaction, feeling let down by others, and prior exposure to sexual trauma did not significantly predict PTSD severity at the final level of analysis. In accordance with suggestions by Dancu, Riggs, Hearst-Ikeda, and Shoyer (1996), it is suggested that this is partly caused by a very high degree of traumatization in the sample. Instead, previous nonsexual traumatic experiences and negative affectivity accounted for 30% of the variance in PTSD severity. Although more research is needed on risk factors of assault-related PTSD, these findings suggest that although sexual assault is associated with a high degree of PTSD severity, prior nonsexual victimization and high levels of negative affectivity appear to further increase the vulnerability toward developing symptoms of assault-related PTSD.

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