scholarly journals Predicting stress resilience and vulnerability: brain-derived neurotrophic factor and rapid eye movement sleep as potential biomarkers of individual stress responses

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brook L W Sweeten ◽  
Amy M Sutton ◽  
Laurie L Wellman ◽  
Larry D Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Sleep Recording

Abstract Study Objectives To examine the rapid eye movement sleep (REM) response to mild stress as a predictor of the REM response to intense stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a potential biomarker of stress resilience and vulnerability. Methods Outbred Wistar rats were surgically implanted with electrodes for recording electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) and intraperitoneal Data loggers to record body temperature. Blood was also obtained to measure circulating BDNF. After recovery, rats were exposed to mild stress (novel chamber, NC) and later intense stress (shock training, ST), followed by sleep recording. Subsequently, rats were separated into resilient (Res; n=27) or vulnerable (Vul; n = 15) based on whether or not there was a 50% or greater decrease in REM after ST compared to baseline. We then compared sleep, freezing, and the stress response (stress-induced hyperthermia, SIH) across groups to determine the effects of mild and intense stress to determine if BDNF was predictive of the REM response. Results REM totals in the first 4 hours of sleep after exposure to NC predicted REM responses following ST with resilient animals having higher REM and vulnerable animals having lower REM. Resilient rats had significantly higher baseline peripheral BDNF compared to vulnerable rats. Conclusions These results show that outbred rats display significant differences in post-stress sleep and peripheral BDNF identifying these factors as potential markers of resilience and vulnerability prior to traumatic stress.

scholarly journals REM sleep: unique associations with behavior, corticosterone regulation and apoptotic pathways in chronic stress in mice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Nollet ◽  
Harriet Hicks ◽  
Andrew P. McCarthy ◽  
Huihai Wu ◽  
Carla S. Möller-Levet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways

AbstractOne of sleep’s putative functions is mediation of adaptation to waking experiences. Chronic stress is a common waking experience, however, which specific aspect of sleep is most responsive, and how sleep changes relate to behavioral disturbances and molecular correlates remain unknown. We quantified sleep, physical, endocrine and behavioral variables and the brain and blood transcriptome in mice exposed to nine weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Comparing 46 phenotypical variables revealed that rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS), corticosterone regulation and coat state were most responsive to UCMS. REMS theta oscillations were enhanced whereas delta oscillations in non-REMS were unaffected. Transcripts affected by UCMS in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and blood were associated with inflammatory and immune responses. A machine learning approach controlling for unspecific UCMS effects identified transcriptomic predictors for specific phenotypes and their overlap. Transcriptomic predictor sets for the inter-individual variation in REMS continuity and theta activity shared many pathways with corticosterone regulation and in particular pathways implicated in apoptosis, including mitochondrial pathways. Predictor sets for REMS and anhedonia, one of the behavioral changes following UCMS, shared pathways involved in oxidative stress, cell proliferation and apoptosis. RNA predictor sets for non-NREMS parameters showed no overlap with other phenotypes. These novel data identify REMS as a core and early element of the response to chronic stress, and identify apoptotic pathways as a putative mechanism by which REMS mediates adaptation to stressful waking experiences.Significance StatementSleep is responsive to experiences during wakefulness and is altered in stress-related disorders. Whether sleep changes primarily concern rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) or non-REM sleep, and how they correlate with stress hormones, behavioral and transcriptomic responses remained unknown. We demonstrate using unpredictable chronic (9-weeks) mild stress that REMS is the most responsive of all the measured sleep characteristics, and correlates with deficiency in corticosterone regulation. An unbiased machine learning, controlling for unspecific effects of stress, revealed that REMS correlated with RNA predictor sets enriched in apoptosis including mitochondrial pathways. Several pathways were shared with predictors of corticosterone and behavioral responses. This unbiased approach point to apoptosis as a molecular mechanism by which REMS mediates adaptation to an ecologically relevant waking experience.

scholarly journals Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in sleep-disordered patients: relation to sleep stage N3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep across diagnostic entities

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Deuschle ◽  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Christian Wisch ◽  
Claudia Schilling ◽  
Maria Gilles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement

Submentalis Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Muscle Activity: A Potential Biomarker for Synucleinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. McCarter ◽  
John C. Feemster ◽  
Grace M. Tabatabai ◽  
David J. Sandness ◽  
Paul C. Timm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Circadian system and sleep anomaly in depression

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Emilien ◽  
Jean-Marie Maloteaux
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Endogenous Clock ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sleep Recording ◽  
Clock Mechanism

AbstractAbnormalities of circadian rhythms in depressed patients have been noted, including decreased amplitude, distorted waveform, day-to-day instability, and unusual 48 hour periods. Consistent electroencephalographic sleep recording in these patients show a shortened rapid eye movement latency and slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4), resulting in an increase in rapid eye movement sleep. This phenomenon appears to be a dependable, measurable marker for diagnosing primary depression. Total sleep deprivation appears to significantly improve mood in a high percentage of depressed patients. Current pharmacological research suggests that drug treatment such as lithium would not affect the intra sleep cycles of the REM stagebut would shift the phase backward and lithium would also shift the phase of circadian rhythm of the daytime sleepiness backward. This paper highlights some of the new approaches for investigating the molecular substrate for the control of circadian rhythmicity and sleep in man and critically examines the hypothesis of the alteration of this mechanism in psychopathology, particularly depression. What is known of the endogenous clock mechanism is discussed with known molecular circadian mechanisms with a view towards understanding how circadian information is transmitted to the rest of the central nervous system and how it is affected in depression.

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