Evaluation of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Triticale Seedlings and Adult Plants

Triticale (×Triticosecale) is the intergeneric hybrid between the female parent wheat and the male parent rye. With the expansion of the triticale growing area, powdery mildew emerged on this new host and has become a significant disease on triticale. Recent research demonstrated that this “new” powdery mildew on triticale has emerged through a host range expansion of powdery mildew of wheat. Moreover, this expansion occurred recently and multiple times at different locations in Europe. An effective and environmentally sensitive approach to controlling powdery mildew involves breeding crop plants for resistance. The main goal of this study was to identify the presence of powdery mildew resistance in commercial triticale cultivars. First, the avirulence (AVR) genes and gene complexity carried by this new powdery mildew population on triticale were characterized. Virulence was identified for all the resistance genes evaluated in the present study, and virulence frequencies higher than 50% were recorded on the genes Pm3f, Pm5b, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8, and Pm17. Using molecular markers, the presence of resistance genes Pm3f and Pm17 was identified in certain triticale cultivars. The triticale cultivars were also evaluated for the presence of quantitative resistance at adult plant growth stages in a 2-year field experiment. Despite the high disease pressure, cultivars highly resistant at the adult-plant growth stages were identified. Because ‘Grenado’ also showed effective race-specific resistance, this cultivar could be of high value for breeding for durable resistance to powdery mildew. Altogether, this study reveals valuable information on the presence of powdery mildew resistance in commercial triticale cultivars, which can be used in breeding programs in triticale. Additionally, this study underscores the need to broaden the base of powdery mildew resistance in triticale through introgression and deployment of new sources of mildew resistance, including quantitative resistance.

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Genetic Mapping of Adult-Plant Resistance Genes to Powdery Mildew in Triticale

10.21203/rs.3.rs-748201/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mateusz Maksymilian Dyda ◽

Mirosław Tyrka ◽

Gabriela Gołębiowska ◽

Marcin Rapacz ◽

Maria Wędzony

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Progress Curve

Abstract Triticale is a cereal of high economic importance, however along with the increase in the area of this cereal, it is more often infected by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis, which causes powdery mildew. The rapid development of molecular biology techniques, in particular methods based on molecular markers may be an important tool used in modern plant breeding. Development of genetic maps, location of the QTLs defining the region of the genome associated with resistance and selection of markers linked to particular trait can be used to select resistant genotypes as well as to pyramidize several resistance genes in one variety. In this paper we present a new, high-density genetic map of triticale doubled haploids (DH) population ‘Grenado’ x ‘Zorro’ composed of DArT, silicoDArT and SNP markers. Composite interval mapping method was used to detect eight QTL regions associated with the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and 15 regions with the average value of powdery mildew infection (avPM) based on observation conducted in 3-year period in three different locations across the Poland. Two regions on rye chromosome 4R, and single loci on 5R and 6R were reported for the first time as regions associated with powdery mildew resistance. Among all QTLs, 14 candidate genes were identified coded cyclin-dependent kinase, serine/threonine-protein kinase-like protein as well as AMEIOTIC 1 homolog DYAD-like protein, DETOXIFICATION 16-like protein and putative disease resistance protein RGA3. Three of identified candidate genes were found among newly described QTL regions associated with powdery mildew resistance in triticale.

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Marker assisted pyramiding of stem rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance genes for durable resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Journal of Cereal Research ◽

10.25174/2582-2675/2021/110866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vikas VK ◽

Sivasamy M ◽

Jayaprakash P ◽

Pramod Prasad ◽

Subodh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Mildew Resistance

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Identification of Barley Lines with Resistance to Powdery Mildew Based on Seedling and Adult Plant Responses

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/038.55.2020.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

M. I. E. Arabi ◽

M. Jawhar ◽

E. Al-Shehadah

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Genetic Stocks ◽

Barley Germplasm

Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) is a major fungal disease of barley causing economical yield losses worldwide. Breeding for resistance to this disease is crucial due to the rapid change in pathotype patterns of B. graminis in fields. In the present work, powdery mildew-resistant barley germplasm was developed by crossing four cultivars currently used in Europe and West Asia. Out of 265 doubled haploid lines derived from these crosses, 40 lines were evaluated at seedling and adult stages. Data showed significant differences among barley lines with a continuum of resistance levels ranging from highly susceptible to tolerant which were consistent during the two growth stages. Two promising lines were more tolerant to powdery disease than the others. Across lines, there was a high correlation between field and greenhouse reaction (r=0.80, P<0.01), indicating the utility of greenhouse evaluations for screening barley for powdery mildew. This study suggests that, the newly identified resistance lines can serve as potential donors for ongoing powdery mildew resistance breeding program, and both types of seedling and adult plant resistance identified here can offer promising genetic stocks for accumulating both resistances to acquire durable resistance and long lasting control against B. graminis in Mediterranean and similar environments.

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Genetic mapping of adult-plant resistance genes to powdery mildew in triticale

Journal of Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s13353-021-00664-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mateusz Dyda ◽

Mirosław Tyrka ◽

Gabriela Gołębiowska ◽

Marcin Rapacz ◽

Maria Wędzony

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Progress Curve

Abstract Triticale is a cereal of high economic importance; however, along with the increase in the area of this cereal, it is more often infected by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis, which causes powdery mildew. The rapid development of molecular biology techniques, in particular methods based on molecular markers may be an important tool used in modern plant breeding. Development of genetic maps, location of the QTLs defining the region of the genome associated with resistance and selection of markers linked to particular trait can be used to select resistant genotypes as well as to pyramidize several resistance genes in one variety. In this paper, we present a new, high-density genetic map of triticale doubled haploids (DH) population “Grenado” × “Zorro” composed of DArT, silicoDArT, and SNP markers. Composite interval mapping method was used to detect eight QTL regions associated with the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and 15 regions with the average value of powdery mildew infection (avPM) based on observation conducted in 3-year period in three different locations across the Poland. Two regions on rye chromosome 4R, and single loci on 5R and 6R were reported for the first time as regions associated with powdery mildew resistance. Among all QTLs, 14 candidate genes were identified coded cyclin-dependent kinase, serine/threonine-protein kinase-like protein as well as AMEIOTIC 1 homolog DYAD-like protein, DETOXIFICATION 16-like protein, and putative disease resistance protein RGA3. Three of identified candidate genes were found among newly described QTL regions associated with powdery mildew resistance in triticale.

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Molecular Characterization of a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Wheat Cultivar Suwon 92

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-96-0496 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 496-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

X.-Y. Xu ◽

G.-H. Bai ◽

B. F. Carver ◽

G. E. Shaner ◽

R. M. Hunger

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽

Gene Markers ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Ril Population

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Pyramiding race-specific genes into a single cultivar and combining race-specific resistance genes with durable resistance genes are the preferred strategies to improve the durability of powdery mildew resistance. The objectives of this study were to characterize a powdery mildew resistance gene in Suwon 92 and identify gene-specific or tightly linked molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single seed descent from a cross between Suwon 92 and a susceptible cultivar, CI 13227. The RILs were screened for adult-plant infection type of powdery mildew and characterized with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The linked markers explained 41.3 to 69.2% of the phenotypic variances measured in 2 years. A morphological marker, hairy glume, was also associated with powdery mildew resistance in Suwon 92, and explained 43 to 51% of the phenotypic variance. The powdery mildew resistance gene in Suwon 92 was located on the short arm of chromosome 1A where Pm3 was located. Two gene-specific markers were developed based on the sequence of the cloned Pm3b gene. These two markers, which were mapped at the same locus in the peak region of the LOD score for the RIL population, explained most of the phenotypic variance for powdery mildew resistance in the RIL population. The powdery mildew resistance in Suwon 92 is most likely conditioned by the Pm3 locus. The gene markers developed herein can be directly used for MAS of some of the Pm3 alleles in breeding programs.

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