Evidence for a Third Taxonomic Subgroup of Peanut Stunt Virus from China

On the basis of host reactions and serology, six Chinese peanut stunt virus (PSV) strains were found to be distinct from PSV-E and PSV-W, two type strains representing distinct serological subgroups. Chinese PSV strains were characterized by infecting Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa systemically. All Chinese strains were serologically closely related to each other, but distinct from PSV-E and more distant from PSV-W. Using two PSV-specific primers designed from conserved regions of the PSV RNA3 nucleotide sequence, cDNA transcribed from RNA3 of two Chinese PSV strains, Mi and S, was amplified by PCR and cloned. The sequenced cDNA of the two PSV strains included 654 nt of the coat protein (CP) gene. The identity of the CP gene nucleotide sequence between PSV-Mi and PSV-S was 99.0%, with 99.5% amino acid identity. Identity of the CP gene nucleotide sequence was 75.6 to 77.8% between PSV-Mi and -S (the two Chinese strains) and PSV-ER and -J in PSV subgroup I; and 74.1 to 74.4% between PSV-Mi and -S, and PSV-W in subgroup II. Based on these results, we propose placing PSV Chinese strains into a new PSV subgroup III.

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RNA3 nucleotide sequence analyses ofpeanut stunt virusMi strain

Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology ◽

10.1079/cjb200552 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Xu Ze-Yong ◽

Yan Li-Ying ◽

Chen Kun-Rong ◽

Marcel Prins

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Movement Protein ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Sequence Analyses ◽

Tomato Aspermy Virus ◽

Subgroup Ii ◽

Putative Movement Protein ◽

Peanut Stunt Virus ◽

Reading Frames

AbstractNucleotide sequence of full-length cDNA ofpeanut stunt virus(PSV) Mi strain RNA3 was determined and compared with those of PSV-ER and -J (subgroup I) and PSV-W (subgroup II), strains ofcucumber mosaic virus(CMV) andtomato aspermy virus(TAV). PSV-Mi RNA3 consists of 2170 nt and has two open reading frames, encoding a putative movement protein (3a protein) and a coat protein (CP). PSV-Mi RNA3 is 77.7% and 78.5% identical to those of PSV-ER and -J, whereas it shares 76.6% identity with PSV-W. Nucleotide identity of3aandcpgenes between PSV strains Mi and ER, J and W was 78.3–79.3% and 74.4–77.8%, respectively. Amino acid identity of 3a and CP between PSV-Mi and -ER, -J and -W was 73.9–77.4% and 64.8–77.5%, respectively. RNA3 of PSV-Mi (GenBank accession no. AY775057) had a varied intercistronic and 5′-untranslated region compared with those of PSV strains ER, J and W. Results indicate that PSV-Mi represents a new PSV subgroup from China, designated as subgroup III.

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Identification of a human homologue of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein of 33 kDa (VAP-33): a broadly expressed protein that binds to VAMP

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3330247 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 333 (2) ◽

pp. 247-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

M. Lynn WEIR ◽

Amira KLIP ◽

William S. TRIMBLE

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Membrane Protein ◽

Structural Organization ◽

Aplysia Californica ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Accession Number ◽

Human Homologue ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Acid Identity

We report the identification of a human homologue of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein (hVAP-33) that has been implicated in neuronal exocytosis in Aplysia californica. This hVAP-33 shared 50% amino acid identity with the A. californica form and had similar length, structural organization and VAMP-binding abilities. However, in contrast with the neuron-specific expression seen in A. californica, hVAP-33 was broadly expressed, suggesting possible roles in vesicle fusion in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper can be found in GenBank's database using accession number AF057358.

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First Report of Bidens mottle virus Infecting Calendula in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-10-0753 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 362-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C.-H. Huang ◽

F.-J. Jan

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Acid Identity ◽

First Report ◽

Cp Gene ◽

Dna Fragment

In March of 2010, calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), a perennial herb known as the pot marigold, showing chlorotic spots on leaves, chlorosis, and stunting were collected from Puli Township, Nantou County, Taiwan. The disorder occurred in more than 50% of the calendula plants in the field. A virus culture isolated from one of the symptomatic calendulas was established in Chenopodium quinoa through triple single-lesion isolation and designated as TwCa1. With transmission electron microscopy (TEM), negatively stained flexuous filamentous virions approximately 12 × 720 nm were observed in the crude sap of TwCa1-infected C. quinoa leaves and pinwheel inclusion bodies were found in the infected cells. On the basis of the sizes of the viral particles and inclusion bodies, isolate TwCa1 was a suspected potyvirus. By reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and potyvirus degenerate primers (Hrp5/Pot1) (1,2), a 0.65-kb DNA fragment, which included the 3′-end of the NIb gene and the 5′-end of coat protein (CP) gene of the virus, was amplified from total RNA isolated from TwCa1-infected plants. The amplified DNA fragment was cloned and sequenced. A homology search indicated that the new calendula-infecting virus in Taiwan might belong to Bidens mottle virus (BiMoV) because its partial genomic sequence shared 94.9 to 97.3% nucleotide and 96.6 to 98.1% amino acid identity with 11 BiMoV isolates available in NCBI GenBank. Primer pairs Hrp5/oligo d(T) were used to amplify the 3′-end genome of BioMV TwCa1 including the 3′-end of the NIb gene, the full-length CP gene, and the 3′-nontranslatable region of the virus. The 807-nt CP gene of TwCa1 (Accession No. HQ117871) shared 97.3 to 98.6% nucleotide and 98.5 to 98.9% amino acid identity with those of 11 BiMoV isolates available in GenBank. Results from TEM observations and CP gene sequence analysis indicated that TwCa1 is an isolate of BiMoV. BiMoV was later detected by RT-PCR in eight symptomatic calendulas collected from the same field. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BiMoV infecting calendula in Taiwan. This newly identified calendula-infecting BiMoV could have a direct impact on the economically important vegetable and floral industry in Taiwan. References: (1) C. C. Chen et al. Bot. Stud. 947:369, 2006. (2) D. Colinet and J. Kummert. J. Virol. Methods 45:149, 1993.

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Re-emergence of Cassava Brown Streak Disease in Uganda

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-91-0024 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

T. Alicai ◽

C. A. Omongo ◽

M. N. Maruthi ◽

R. J. Hillocks ◽

Y. Baguma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽

Streak Virus ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Acid Identity ◽

Cp Gene ◽

Cassava Brown Streak Virus ◽

Cassava Brown Streak Disease ◽

Brown Streak

During November 2004, veinal chlorosis on mature cassava leaves, typical of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), was observed at Mukono in central Uganda. Five out of 11 cultivars at the site showed CBSD symptoms (incidence range 4 to 64%). In a survey of farmers' fields, CBSD was observed in Wakiso and Mukono districts. Incidence of cassava mosaic disease was also recorded and averaged 60% for landraces (range 16.7 to 100%) and 20% for resistant varieties (range 0 to 65%). Leaf samples of plants with CBSD symptoms produced an amplicon of 222 bp using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with primers that amplify a fragment of the coat protein (CP) gene of Cassava brown streak virus. Sequence comparisons based on the amplified CP gene fragment indicated that the isolates have 77 to 82.9% nucleotide and 43.9 to 56.8% amino acid identity with those from Mozambique and Tanzania. There was 95.9 to 99.5% nucleotide and 85.1 to 90.5% amino acid identity among the Ugandan isolates. These results confirm the re-emergence of CBSD in Uganda after it was first observed in the 1930s in cassava introduced from Tanzania and controlled by eradication. Prior to this report, CBSD was known to be restricted to the coastal lowlands of East Africa.

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Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Three Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-Associated Viruses in Pineapple in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-2-0196c ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 196-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. N. Shen ◽

Y. X. Zheng ◽

W. H. Chen ◽

T. Y. Chang ◽

H.-M. Ku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Acid Identity ◽

Cp Gene ◽

Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the major fruit crops in Taiwan, accounting for 275 million U.S. dollars in 2006, following betel nut and citrus production in crop value. Tainung No. 17 is the most important cultivar, accounting for more than 70% of pineapples planted. Mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) is one of the most destructive diseases of pineapple. Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus-1 (PMWaV-1), PMWaV-2, and PMWaV-3 were identified as three distinct species in Ampelovirus from diseased Hawaiian pineapple (1,2). In November of 2007, pineapples (cv. Tainung No. 17) planted in Pingtung County of southern Taiwan showed symptoms similar to MWP. Mealybugs (Dysmicoccus brevipes) were also found. Three primer pairs, 225/226, 223/224, and 263/264 described previously specific for the HSP70h genes of PMWaV-1 (1), -2, and -3 (2), respectively, were used to detect the presence of these three viruses by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Expected DNA fragments of 590, 610, and 499 nt were obtained from the total RNA isolated from the leaves of diseased pineapples with primer pairs 225/226, 223/224, and 263/264, respectively. The RT-PCR amplified fragments were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. The 590-nt fragment (Accession No. EU769113) shared 91.6 to 99.5% nucleotide and 96.8 to 99.5% amino acid identity to those of five isolates of PMWaV-1 available in the GenBank; one each from Hawaii (Accession No. AF414119) and Thailand (Accession No. EF620774) and three from Australia (Accession Nos. EF488752, EF467923, and EF467925). The 610-nt fragment (Accession No. EU769115) showed 98.7 and 99.7% nucleotide and 98% and 100% amino acid identity to those of PMWaV-2 from Hawaii (Accession No. AF283103) and Thailand (Accession No. EU016675), respectively. The 499-nt fragment (Accession No. FJ209047) shared 86.8 to 99.0% nucleotide and 94.0 to 100.0% amino acid identity to those of five PMWaV-3 isolates available in the GenBank; one from Hawaii (Accession No. DQ399259) and four from Australia (Accession Nos. EF467918, EF467919, EF488754, and EF488755). Using primer pairs FJ08-1 (5′-ATGGCTGATTCGAGC)/FJ08-2 (5′-TTATTTGCGTCCACC), FJ08-7 (5′-AGTGAGATTGATCGT)/FJ08-8 (5′-TGCAGGTATCCGCTG), and FJ08-35 (5′-AACGACCGAACTCGC)/FJ08-36 (5′-ATACTACAGATATTG) specific to the coat protein (CP) genes of PMWaV-1, -2, and -3, respectively, expected DNA fragments of 774, 909, and 789 nt were amplified by RT-PCR. The 774-nt CP gene of PMWaV-1 (Accession No. EU769114) shared 99% nucleotide and 98.4% amino acid identity to those of Hawaiian isolate (Accession No. AF414119). The 909-nt CP gene of PMWaV-2 (Accession No. EU769116) shared 99.0 and 99.1% nucleotide identity with isolates from Hawaii (Accession No. AF283103) and Cuba (Accession No. DQ225114), respectively, and 99.3% amino acid identity with both. The 789-nt CP gene of PMWaV-3 (Accession No. FJ209048) shared 99.1% nucleotide and 98.1% amino acid identity to those of the Hawaiian isolate (Accession No. DQ399259). One to two viruses among PMWaV-1, -2, and -3 were detected in all 40 samples collected from diseased pineapples. To our knowledge, this is the first report to identify three PMWaVs in the most important and widely planted pineapple cultivar in Taiwan, Tainung No. 17, by molecular characterization of the HSP70h and CP genes. References: (1) D. M. Sether et al. Plant Dis. 85:856, 2001. (2) D. M. Sether et al. Plant Dis. 89:450, 2005.

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Characterization and Complete Nucleotide Sequence of an Unusual Reptilian Retrovirus Recovered from the Order Crocodylia

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.76.9.4651-4654.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (9) ◽

pp. 4651-4654 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Joanne Martin ◽

Peter Kabat ◽

Elisabeth Herniou ◽

Michael Tristem

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Acid Identity ◽

Conserved Regions

ABSTRACT A novel group of retroviruses found within the order Crocodylia are described. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that they are probably the most divergent members of the Retroviridae described to date; even the most conserved regions of Pol show an average of only 23% amino acid identity when compared to other retroviruses.

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Complete nucleotide sequence of Kashmir bee virus and comparison with acute bee paralysis virus

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.79990-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 85 (8) ◽

pp. 2263-2270 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

J. R. de Miranda ◽

M. Drebot ◽

S. Tyler ◽

M. Shen ◽

C. E. Cameron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Acid Identity ◽

Kashmir Bee Virus ◽

Acute Bee Paralysis Virus ◽

Bee Virus ◽

Paralysis Virus

The complete nucleotide sequence of a novel virus is presented here together with serological evidence that it belongs to Kashmir bee virus (KBV). Analysis reveals that KBV is a cricket paralysis-like virus (family Dicistroviridae: genus Cripavirus), with a non-structural polyprotein open reading frame in the 5′ portion of the genome separated by an intergenic region from a structural polyprotein open reading frame in the 3′ part of the genome. The genome also has a polyadenylated tail at the 3′ terminus. KBV is one of several related viruses that also includes acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV). Although KBV and ABPV are about 70 % identical over the entire genome, there are considerable differences between them in significant areas of the genome, such as the 5′ non-translated region (42 % nucleotide identity), between the helicase and 3C-protease domains of the non-structural polyprotein (57 % amino acid identity) and in a 90 aa stretch of the structural polyprotein (33 % amino acid identity). Phylogenetic analyses show that KBV and ABPV isolates fall into clearly separated clades with moderate evolutionary distance between them. Whether these genomic and evolutionary differences are sufficient to classify KBV and ABPV as separate species remains to be determined.

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Novel Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Oxacillinase OXA-62 from Pandoraea pnomenusa

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.50.4.1330-1335.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1330-1335 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Ines Schneider ◽

Anne Marie Queenan ◽

Adolf Bauernfeind

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

The Novel ◽

Cloning And Sequencing ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Additional Mechanism ◽

Acid Identity ◽

Species Specific

ABSTRACT Pandoraea spp. are gram-negative, glucose nonfermenting rods detectable in blood cultures and sputa of cystic fibrosis patients. They are resistant to various antibiotic groups, with imipenem being the only active β-lactam. We isolated an imipenem-resistant (MIC, 64 μg/ml) Pandoraea pnomenusa strain from a cystic fibrosis patient. Cloning and sequencing identified two β-lactamases of Bush group 2d, namely, the known OXA-33, located on an integron, and the novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-62. OXA-62 is only distantly related to other oxacillinases (OXA-50 being closest with 43% amino acid identity). It hydrolyzes penicillins, oxacillin, imipenem, and meropenem but not expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. The bla OXA-62 gene is chromosome located. No transposable elements were found in its genetic neighborhood. With OXA-62-specific primers, bla OXA-62 could be identified in all P. pnomenusa strains and appears to be species specific. This additional mechanism of carbapenem resistance further complicates the treatment of infections caused by P. pnomenusa.

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First Report of Pepper veinal mottle virus in Tomato and Pepper in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-1-0107a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 107-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Y. H. Cheng ◽

R. Y. Wang ◽

C. C. Chen ◽

C. A. Chang ◽

F.-J. Jan

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Acid Identity ◽

First Report ◽

Cp Gene ◽

Pepper Veinal Mottle Virus

In May of 2006, samples from tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Known-you 301) exhibiting necrotic symptoms on stems, petioles, and leaves were collected from Chiayi County, Taiwan. Double-antibody sandwich-ELISAs were performed using Cucumber mosaic virus, Tomato mosaic virus, Potato virus Y, Watermelon silver mottle virus, and Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) polyclonal antibodies. Three of eight samples reacted with antibodies against ChiVMV but not with the others. Using the potyvirus degenerate primers (Hrp 5/Pot 1) (2), an expected 1.5-kb DNA fragment including the 3′-end of the NIb gene, the complete coat protein (CP) gene, and the 3′-nontranslatable region of the virus was amplified from total RNA isolated from these three samples by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. A homology search in GenBank indicated that the new tomato-infecting virus in Taiwan belongs to Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) since they shared >90% amino acid identity in the CP gene. A virus culture (Tom1) isolated from one of the diseased tomatoes was then established in Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana and the CP gene was amplified and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU719647). Comparisons of the 807-nt CP gene with those of five PVMV isolates available in GenBank showed 81.5 to 93.1% nucleotide and 90.0 to 97.8% amino acid identity. Tom1 induced irregular necrotic lesions on stems, petioles, and leaves of tomato while inducing only mild mottle symptoms on pepper. Serological cross reaction between ChiVMV and PVMV has been observed previously (1,3) and also found in this study. To differentiate these two potyviruses by RT-PCR, primer pair CPVMVup/dw (5′-TATTC(T/C)TCAGTGTGG(A/T/C)T(T/C)CCACCAT and 5′-(T/C)C(A/T)C(A/T)(A/T/G)(A/T)AA(A/G)CCATAA(A/C)(A/C)ATA(A/G)T(T/C)T) was designed on the basis of the comparison of the CP gene and the 3′-nontranslatable region of the PVMV and ChiVMV. DNA fragments of 171 and 259 bp are expected to be amplified from ChiVMV and PVMV, respectively, by RT-PCR with primers CPVMVup/dw. In a field survey done in 2006, samples from diseased peppers (Capsicum annuum) that reacted with the polyclonal antibodies against ChiVMV were further identified by RT-PCR with primers CPVMVup/dw, indicating that both ChiVMV and PVMV infected pepper crops (Capsicum spp.) in Taiwan. A pepper isolate (Pep1) of PVMV was obtained from Nantou County through three times of single lesion passages on C. quinoa and then propagated on N. benthamiana. The CP gene of Pep1 was amplified and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU719646) and found to share 99.1% nucleotide and 100% amino acid identity with that of Tom1. Pep1 caused mild mottle symptoms on leaves of both tomato and pepper. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of PVMV in Taiwan as well as in East Asia. References: (1) B. Moury et al. Phytopathology 95:227, 2005. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. Plant Dis. 82:1121, 1998. (3) W. S. Tsai et al. Plant Pathol. 58:408, 2008.

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First Report on the Occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 and 9 in Chilean Grapevines

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-8-1252c ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 1252-1252 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. A. Engel ◽

P. Escobar ◽

C. Montt ◽

S. Gómez-Talquenca ◽

P. D. T. Valenzuela

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Mixed Infection ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Microarray Hybridization ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Hybridization Pattern ◽

Acid Identity ◽

Pcr Product ◽

Plant Pathol

Grapevine is one of the oldest horticultural crops and represents a highly valuable agricultural commodity. So far, nine distinct Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) within the Closteroviridae family have been found to be associated with grapevine leafroll disease (3). Previous studies have demonstrated a high incidence of GLRaV-1, -2, and -3 in Chile (2). To determine if other GLRaVs were present, 21 dormant cane samples were screened with a comprehensive 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray designed to simultaneously detect all grapevine viruses with total or partial genomic sequence available. The array contained 570 unique probes designed against specific regions of more than 40 viral genomes (E. Engel et al., 15th ICVG [Abstr.], 2006). One sample (cv. Black Seedless) showing a microarray hybridization pattern compatible with a mixed infection of GLRaV-7 and GLRaV-1 was analyzed by ELISA using GLRaV-7 specific antibodies (Agritest, Valenzano, Italy) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using virus-specific primers LR7-F: 5′- TAT ATC CCA ACG GAG ATG GC -3′ and LR7-R: 5′- ATG TTC CTC CAC CAA AAT CG -3′ (based on GenBank Accession No. Y15987). The serological analysis confirmed the presence of GLRaV-7 with further confirmation by the RT-PCR product of 502 bp corresponding to a fragment of the HSP70h gene that was cloned and sequenced. The Chilean GLRaV-7 sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU334662) showed 94% nucleotide and 95% amino acid identity when compared with a corresponding region of another GLRaV-7 isolate from Albania (GenBank Accession No. Y15987). GLRaV-1 infection was confirmed by ELISA (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland) and RT-PCR. A second sample (cv. Tintorera) showing microarray hybridization pattern compatible with a mixed infection of GLRaV-9 and Grapevine virus A (GVA) was analyzed by RT-PCR using virus-specific primers LR9-F: 5′- CGG CAT AAG AAA AGA TGG CAC -3′ and LR9-R: 5′- TCA TTC ACC ACT GCT TGA AC -3′ (1). The RT-PCR product of 393 bp corresponding to a fragment of the HSP70h gene was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU334663), showing 94% nucleotide and 95% amino acid identity when compared with a corresponding region of another GLRaV-9 isolate from the United States (GenBank Accession No. AY297819). Since there are no commercial antibodies available for GLRaV-9 detection, a second pair of primers, LR9-F1: 5′- AAA GGT TTC TGC TGG TTA CC -3′ and LR9-R1: 5′- CTT TCA GAA CAG TCC TCC TC -3′ that amplified a fragment of ORF1a was also used. The 301-bp product was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU588989) showing 93.7% nucleotide and 98% amino acid identity when compared with a corresponding region of another GLRaV-9 isolate (GenBank Accession No. AY297819). GVA infection was confirmed by ELISA (Bioreba AG) and RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GLRaV-7 and GLRaV-9 in Chile. Further studies will help determine the effect and incidence of these viruses in Chilean grapevines. References: (1) R. Alkowni et al. J. Plant Pathol. 86:123, 2004. (2) N. Fiore et al. J. Plant Pathol. 90:125, 2008. (3) G. P. Martelli and E. Boudon-Padieu. Options Méditerr. B55, 2006.

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