mixed infection
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2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rebold ◽  
Taylor Morrisette ◽  
Abdalhamid M Lagnf ◽  
Sara Alosaimy ◽  
Dana Holger ◽  
...  

Abstract A multicenter case series of 21 patients were treated with imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam. There were mixed infection sources, with pulmonary infections (11/21,52%) composing the majority. The primary pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16/21, 76%), and 15/16 (94%) isolates were multidrug-resistant. Thirty-day survival occurred in 14/21 (67%) patients. Two patients experienced adverse effects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommi Mäklin ◽  
Teemu Kallonen ◽  
Jarno Alanko ◽  
Ørjan Samuelsen ◽  
Kristin Hegstad ◽  
...  

Genomic epidemiology is a tool for tracing transmission of pathogens based on whole-genome sequencing. We introduce the mGEMS pipeline for genomic epidemiology with plate sweeps representing mixed samples of a target pathogen, opening the possibility to sequence all colonies on selective plates with a single DNA extraction and sequencing step. The pipeline includes the novel mGEMS read binner for probabilistic assignments of sequencing reads, and the scalable pseudoaligner Themisto. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using closely related samples in a nosocomial setting, obtaining results that are comparable to those based on single-colony picks. Our results lend firm support to more widespread consideration of genomic epidemiology with mixed infection samples.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
K.O. Usenko

Background. Occurrence and recurrence of pterygium after surgical treatment are still urgent problems of modern ophthalmology. The purpose was to determine the main factors leading to the occurrence and recurrence of pterygium after surgical treatment. Materials and methods. We observed 203 patients (232 eyes) with pterygium. There were 108 men and 95 women. The age of patients ranged from 35 to 65 years. The duration of the disease is 2.5–2.7 years. Patients underwent surgical treatment for pterygium by the McReynolds’ method forming a cul-de-sac, by the Artl method with its incision, and the McReynolds and Artl methods using 0.02% solution of mitomycin C. The patients were examined in 3, 6 months, and one year after surgery. The statistical analysis of the results of clinical trials was performed using the software package SPSS 11.0, MedStat (Lyakh Y.E., Guryanov V.G., 2004–2012), MedCalc (MedCalc Software bvba, 1993–2013). Results. The results of clinical studies have found that the frequency of pterygium recurrence after traditional surgical interventions by the McReynolds method, the McReynolds method using 0.02% solution of mitomycin C, by the traditional Arlt method, the Arlt me­thod using 0.02% solution of mitomycin C in 3 months was 20, 17, 15, and 8.7 %, respectively; in 6 months — 29.5, 27, 27, and 26 %, respectively; after 1 year — 26.5, 26.5, 30.6, and 37 %, respectively. Long-term recurrence of pterygium did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Viral infection was found in pterygium tissue in 50.9 % of cases, including herpesviruses (33.6 %) and human papillomavirus (HPV, 34.0 %). Among herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV) was found in 15.1 % of cases, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 7.3 %, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 11.2 % of cases. The regression analysis showed an association of HSV with stage II and stage III pterygium (p < 0.05). No such dependencies were found for CMV and EBV. There was a relationship of HPV with the I–III stages of pterygium (p < 0.01). There were types 6 (34.2 %), 11 (24.1 %), 16 (21.5 %), and 18 (20.2 %) among HPV. Types 6 and 11 were mainly detected at the first stages and were not detected in stage IV; types 16 and 18 were not detected in stage I (p = 7.9e-04). Among other types, only HPV6 was associated with the I and III stages of pterygium (p < 0.05). Double mixed infection was detec­ted in 32.1 % of patients. The most common was the combination of HSV and HPV (30.6 % of all cases of mixed infection), three viruses — in 2.5 % of cases in the combination of HSV + CMV + HPV and HSV + EBV + HPV. It was first established that the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene was detected in 35.3 % of cases of pterygium. No significant difference in mutation frequency depending on the sex and age of patients was found. The frequency of mutation by stages increased from 21.3 % at stage I to 57.7 % at stage IV (p = 0.0003). The regression analysis showed a strong progressive association with the presence of the BRAF gene V600E mutation with the pterygium stage and, therefore, its progression. Conclusions. Thus, it was proved that the presence of HSV, HPV, and mutation V600E of the BRAF gene significantly influenced the occurrence and progression of pterygium after surgical treatment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
У.М. ТИЛЕКЕЕВА ◽  
Т.Б. УСКЕНБАЕВ

В работе изучена антимикробная терапии дакриоцистита новорожденных, на основе анализа микробного пейзажа возбудителей, их чувствительности к антимикробным препаратам. По степени поражения и по возрастные группам, наиболее часто - 44% эта патология поражала 3-6 месячных младенцев, на втором месте пациенты от 0 до 3х месяцев - 33%, на третьем 6-9 месячные - 19%, на четвертом 9-12 месячные дети 4%. Бактериологический посев 46 образцов выявил отсутствие роста микрофлоры в 8 результатах. Микробный пейзаж в 38 мазках включал 10 возбудителей дакриоцистита новорожденных, наиболее часто высевались St. Еpidermidis и St. Aureus, моноинфекция обнаружена в биоматериале 30 глаз, микстифекция в 8. Наибольшую чувствительность по 84% пораженных глаз актуальные возбудители проявили к фторхинолонам последнего поколения: левофлоксацину и моксифлоксацину, к гентамицину 76,5%, фузидоевой кислоте, ципрофлаксацину по 68,5% глаз к каждому, к тобрамицину 58% глаз. Наименьшую, менее 50% чувствительность в отношении вышеуказанных возбудителей ДН показали офлоксацин и левомицетин. Antimicrobial therapy for dacryocystitis for newborns, was studied in the work, based on the analysis of the microbial landscape of pathogens, their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs. By the degree of damage and by age groups, most often - 44% this pathology affected 3-6 month old babies, in second place are patients from 0 to 3 months - 33%, in the third 6-9 months - 19%, in the fourth - 9-12 monthly children 4%. Bacteriological inoculation of 46 samples showed no growth of microflora in 8 results. The microbial landscape in 38 smears included 10 pathogens of neonatal dacryocystitis, most often St. Epidermidis and St. Aureus, monoinfection was found in the biomaterial of 30 eyes, mixed infection in 8. Topical pathogens showed the greatest sensitivity in 84% of the affected eyes to the latest generation of fluoroquinolones: levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, to gentamicin 76.5%, fusidoic acid, ciproflaxacin in 68.5% of each eye, and to tobramycin in 58% of the eyes. Ofloxacin and chloramphenicol showed the smallest, less than 50% sensitivity to the above mentioned DN pathogens.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Million Getachew Mesfun ◽  
Shimelis Teshome Ayalneh

Abstract Background: Malaria has been one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia for decades. Recent reports from different part of the country showed that the trend of malaria is declining. However, there is a need for periodic assessing the trend of malaria in different malaria endemic areas of the country as part of the planed malaria elimination strategies. Methods: Ten years retrospective data of blood film examination was collected from the laboratory registration book and monthly report of Ogolcho health center and analyzed to assess the trend of malaria prevalence in Ziway dugda distric, one of the malaria endemic areas in Arsi zone, Ethiopia. Result: From the total of 38,094 malaria suspected patients, 4,863(12.8%) patients were malaria positive microscopically, with 3,301(67.9%) P.vivax, 1545(31.8%) P.falciparum and 17(0.35%) mixed infection. There was a fluctuating trend of malaria within the last ten years, with annual total cases of malaria ranged from 1685 in 2013 to 103 in 2020 and there was successive reduction in malaria prevalence from 2013 onwards. Conclusion: Trend of malaria was declining in Ziway dugda district with shift in dominancy of the circulating species (P.vivax).


Author(s):  
Mohammad Salehi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Faghihi ◽  
Elham Salehi ◽  
Assunta Bertaccini

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 832-838
Author(s):  
M. Black ◽  
P. Da Silva ◽  
L. Scott

BACKGROUND: South Africa´s diagnostic algorithm for TB diagnosis from 2011 to 2017 employed the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay as the initial screening test for TB diagnosis and rifampicin (RIF) susceptibility, followed by submission of a specimen for GenoType® MTBDRplus. This study aimed to determine the concordance between the two assays in terms of RIF susceptibility and explore reasons for discordance.METHODS: This was a retrospective laboratory-based study that included all MTBDRplus results of tests performed at the Braamfontein Mycobacteriology Referral Laboratory between 1 September 2014 and 31 August 2015. The patient´s Xpert RIF result was linked with the MTBDRplus result.RESULTS: The overall concordance between RIF susceptibility results was 96.4%. There were 68 discordant RIF results. The most common reasons for discordance identified were possible false Xpert RIF-resistant results (22%), mixed infection/heteroresistance (16%), transcription errors (7%) and erroneous manual interpretation of the MTBDRplus strip (7%). Xpert RIF resistance detected using delayed hybridisation was associated with discordance.CONCLUSIONS: The overall concordance between the MTBDRplus and Xpert RIF results were very good. Management of discordance should include repeat specimens for Xpert and MTBDRplus and rpoB sequencing. All variables should then be considered before treatment regimens are altered.


Author(s):  
Arun Zachariah ◽  
Arun Zachariah ◽  
Arun Zachariah ◽  
Arun Zachariah ◽  
Arun Zachariah ◽  
...  

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections invariably affect the health status of elephants and can cause disease and death in elephants. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI)parasitesof elephants in Kerala and to relate it to the deworming status. A total of 31 Asian elephants presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, those under private ownership (Thrissur) and forest department formed the basis of the study.It was observed that 32.2 per cent of elephants in the study were affected with GI parasites. High percentage of strongyle ova was observed followed by the mixed infection of strongyle and Strongyloides ova. Statistical analysis of haematological parameters were done by using student t test in SPSS version 24.0. The haematological studies of elephants infected with GI parasites revealed anaemia and eosinophilia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahmi Abdillah ◽  
Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽  
Suzanita Utama ◽  
Endang Suprihati

This study aims to determine the prevalence and species of endoparasite that infect the digestive tract of goats in Ujungpangkah Sub-District, Gresik District. This study was conducted in February-March 2021 with 100 samples of goat’s stool. Sample examination was conducted in the laboratory of the Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. In fecal examination found four types of endoparasites, which were: Eimeria sp. 62%, Blastocystis sp. 5%, Haemonchus sp. 4%, Strongyloides sp. 2% and mixed infection prevalence was 3%. This study showed a prevalence of 76% digestive tract endoparasite. The Chi-Square test showed significant differences (p <0.05) between groups of goats aged under one year (57%) and over one year (43%).


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