scholarly journals First Report of Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum on Pinus mugo

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1395
Author(s):  
R. Mathiasen ◽  
M. Haefeli ◽  
D. Leatherman
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Black Forest ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Northern Arizona University

Southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, family Viscaceae) is a serious and common pathogen of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico (1). In July 2002, this dwarf mistletoe was observed parasitizing a 1.4-m tall mugo pine (P. mugo Turra) in the Black Forest north of Colorado Springs, CO (39°02.118′N, 104°36.028′W, elevation 2,250 m). The infected mugo pine was planted as an ornamental approximately 6 m from a ponderosa pine infected with A vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum. Dwarf mistletoe shoots were produced on the only infected branch observed but this was sufficient for a positive identification of the dwarf mistletoe. Although J. Weir successfully inoculated mugo pine with western dwarf mistletoe (A. campylopodum Engelm.) and lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (A. americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) (2), to our knowledge, this is the first report of a dwarf mistletoe occurring naturally on P. mugo, as well as the first report of A vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum on P. mugo (1). Specimens of A vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum from P. mugo have been deposited in the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 73761). References: (1) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf mistletoes: biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (2) J. Weir. Bot. Gaz. 56:1, 1918.

scholarly journals Western Dwarf Mistletoe Parasitizing Colorado Blue Spruce and Norway Spruce in California

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Mathiasen ◽  
J. R. Allison ◽  
B. W. Geils
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
Shoot Production

Western dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium campylopodum Engelm.), a common parasite of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.), was found parasitizing planted Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten) in Upper Cuddy Valley, CA (Kern County, T. 9 N., R. 21 W., Sec. 25). One tree greater than 6 m in height of each spruce species was infected and both trees were within 12 m of a Jeffrey pine severely infected with western dwarf mistletoe. Five to 10 branches were infected on each tree and a few of these had abundant mistletoe shoot production, which allowed identification of the parasite. This is the first report of western dwarf mistletoe on Colorado blue spruce. Although this is the first report of natural infection of Norway spruce in California, this mistletoe/host combination has been reported by Weir from artificial inoculation (2) and collected by Russell in central Washington (1). We recommend that these spruce species not be planted within 15 m of pines infected with western dwarf mistletoe. Specimens of western dwarf mistletoe on Colorado blue spruce and Norway spruce were collected and deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. 1996. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709. (2) J. R. Weir. Bot. Gaz. 56:1, 1918.

scholarly journals Southwestern Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum, Found Parasitizing Picea pungens in Colorado

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
R. Mathiasen ◽  
N. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Pinus Spp

Southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, Viscaceae) severely parasitizes several species of pines (Pinus spp., family Pinaceae) in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico, but it has not been reported to parasitize any species of spruce (Picea, family Pinaceae) (1). However, in June 2004, this dwarf mistletoe was observed parasitizing blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) in the Black Forest north of Colorado Springs, CO (39°02.118′N, 104°36.028′W, elevation 2,250 m). The infected blue spruce was planted as an ornamental approximately 4 m from a 16-m-high ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) severely infected with southwestern dwarf mistletoe. Mature dwarf mistletoe shoots were produced on five infected branches of the blue spruce. These shoots were compared with a morphological description of southwestern dwarf mistletoe (1) and this was sufficient for a positive identification of the dwarf mistletoe. The other dwarf mistletoes reported to infect blue spruce are Arceuthobium microcarpum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, A. americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., and A. douglasii Engelm.; these are all morphologically distinct from southwestern dwarf mistletoe (1). Three of the infected branches formed small (less than 0.3 m in diameter), nonsystemic witches' brooms. All of the infections on the 6-m-high blue spruce were higher than 1 m on the tree. Thus, it is likely that the spruce was infected after it was transplanted. Three other blue spruces were also located within 4 m of the infected ponderosa pine, but these trees were not infected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of southwestern dwarf mistletoe parasitizing blue spruce and the first report of this dwarf mistletoe on Picea spp. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 73959). References: (1) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996.

scholarly journals First Report of Arceuthobium hondurense in Oaxaca, Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mathiasen ◽  
D. Nickrent ◽  
C. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Northern Arizona University ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
Celaque National Park

Honduran dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium hondurense Hawksw. & Wiens) has only been found in four locations in Honduras: west of Zamorano, east of Lepaterique, Cusuco National Park, and Celaque National Park (1,2). At one time it was believed that this mistletoe could be in danger of extinction (1). However, it has also been reported in two locations in Chiapas, Mexico (3). In December 2000, ≈1 km north of Suchixtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, near Route 175 (elevation 2,770 m), we collected a dwarf mistletoe parasitizing Pinus tecunumanii (Schw.) Eguiluz et Perry that was morphologically similar to A. hondurense (1). This population initially had been classified as A. nigrum Hawksw. & Wiens (1), but is now classified as A. hondurense based on morphology (male flower color and stigma length) (1) and analysis of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from Honduras (GenBank Accession No. AF325969) and Oaxaca (GenBank Accession No. AY055215). A comparison of these two A. hondurense ITS sequences indicated they are very closely related to each other, whereas both are distinct from A. nigrum (GenBank Accession No. L25693). Specimens of A. hondurense from Oaxaca were deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. hondurense in Oaxaca, Mexico, and extends its known distribution west across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec from central Chiapas by ≈400 km. References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (2) R. Mathiasen et al. Phytologia 85:268, 1998. (3) R. Mathiasen et al. Plant Dis. 85:444, 2001.

scholarly journals First Report of White Fir Dwarf Mistletoe on Mountain Hemlock

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1274-1274
Author(s):  
R. Mathiasen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Abies Concolor ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Wilderness Area ◽  
Northern Arizona University ◽  
Tsuga Mertensiana

White fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium abietinum Engelm. ex Munz f. sp. concoloris Hawksw. & Wiens) is a serious and common pathogen of white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Hildebr.), grand fir (A. grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.), and Low's fir (A. lowiana (Gord.) A. Murr.) in the western United States (1). In August 2002, this dwarf mistletoe was observed parasitizing mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.) growing among severely infected grand fir near the trailhead to Cabot Lake in the Mount Jefferson Wilderness Area, Oregon at 44°34′27″N, 121°43′43″W, elevation 1,340 m. Only 2 of 27 mountain hemlocks observed in this area were infected. One tree had four infections, and one tree had two infections. Several fully developed male plants were found on one of the infected branches of mountain hemlock and were morphologically similar to those growing on the nearby grand fir. Other dwarf mistletoes that commonly parasitize mountain hemlock (Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. mertensianae and Arceuthobium laricis) were not observed in the area. In addition, white fir dwarf mistletoe can be distinguished from these mistletoes by its larger, yellowish shoots (1). Specimens of the mistletoe from mountain hemlock have been deposited in the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. To my knowledge, this is the first report of white fir dwarf mistletoe on mountain hemlock (1). Reference: (1) F. Hawksworth, and D. Wiens. Dwarf mistletoes: biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709, 1996

scholarly journals First Report of Arceuthobium hondurense in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mathiasen ◽  
D. Nickrent ◽  
C. Parks ◽  
J. Beatty ◽  
S. Sesnie
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forests ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Northern Arizona University ◽  
Pinus Tecunumanii ◽  
Rdna Its Sequences

Honduran dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium hondurense Hawksw. & Wiens) is a rare dwarf mistletoe previously known only from Honduras (1,2). In March 2000 we collected a dwarf mistletoe from approximately 7 km west of San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico near Route 190 (elevation 2,440 m), which was morphologically similar to A. hondurense (1). This population had initially been classified as A. nigrumHawksw. & Wiens (1). However, our morphological measurements and analysis of nuclear rDNA ITS sequences of A. hondurense plants from Honduras (GenBank No. AF325969) and the plants from Chiapas (AF325970) have confirmed that the Chiapan population is A. hondurense and not A. nigrum. An additional population of A. hondurense was discovered in Chiapas approximately 11 km west of Oxchuc near Route 186 (elevation 2160 m). Both of the Chiapan populations of A. hondurense were parasitizing Pinus tecunumanii(Schw.) Eguiluz et Perry. Specimens of A. hondurense from Chiapas were deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. This is the first report of A. hondurense in Mexico and extends its known distribution from northwestern Honduras (3) by approximately 500 km. Although A. hondurense has not been observed in the pine forests of Guatemala, it is probable that it also occurs there (1). References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. 1996. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709. (2) R. Mathiasen et al. Phytologia 36:211, 1998. (3) R. Mathiasen et al. Plant Dis. 84:372, 2000.

scholarly journals First Report of Arceuthobium hondurense on Pinus tecunumannii

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-372
Author(s):  
R. Mathiasen ◽  
J. Beatty ◽  
J. Melgar
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
East Side ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Northern Arizona University ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa ◽  
Celaque National Park

Honduran dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium hondurense Hawksw. & Wiens) is a rare dwarf mistletoe found only in Honduras (1,2). Thus far, it has been reported to parasitize only Pinus oocarpa Schiede (2). In October 1999, we observed infection by A. hondurense on P. tecunumannii (Schw.) Eguiluz et Perry along the trail to the summit of Montana del Celaque (elevation 1,750 to 1,800 m) on the east side of Celaque National Park, ≈5 km west of Gracias (Department Lempira), Honduras. Infected pines had witches′ brooms, and mistletoe shoot production was common on infected branches. This is the first report of A. hondurense on P. tecunumannii. Specimens of A. hondurense from P. tecunumannii were collected and have been deposited at the Herbario, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Forestales, Siguatepeque, Honduras, and at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. 1996. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. 709. (2) R. Mathiasen et al. Phytologia 36:211, 1998.

scholarly journals Mortality Associated with a Bark Beetle Outbreak in Dwarf Mistletoe-Infested Ponderosa Pine Stands in Arizona

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Kenaley ◽  
Robert Mathiasen ◽  
E. James Harner
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Stand Attributes ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.) mortality was evaluated from a 2002 bark beetle outbreak in areas infested with southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum [Willd.] Presl subsp. cryptopodum [Engelm.] Hawksw. & Wiens) in a total of nine study sites in northern Arizona. Ponderosa pine mortality attributable to bark beetles (Ips and Dendroctonus spp., Scolytidae) was systematically sampled, and stand attributes, such as basal area, tree density, dwarf mistletoe severity, and site indices were recorded. Ponderosa pine mortality was predominately attributed to Ips spp. Although the prolonged drought likely was the inciting factor responsible for the Ips spp. outbreak, results suggested a strong relationship between ponderosa pine mortality and the interaction between crown class and dwarf mistletoe rating class. Ponderosa pines severely infected with dwarf mistletoe and in the intermediate crown class are at the greatest risk of Ips spp. attack during outbreak years in northern Arizona.

scholarly journals First Report of Arceuthobium hawksworthii in Honduras

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mathiasen ◽  
B. Howell ◽  
J. Melgar
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pine Ridge ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Northern Arizona University ◽  
Ridge Area ◽  
Caribbean Pine ◽  
Pinus Caribaea Morelet

The dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium hawksworthii D. Wiens & C. G. Shaw (Viscaceae) has only been reported from the Mountain Pine Ridge area of Belize (1). We observed this dwarf mistletoe parasitizing its principal host, Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis (Senecl.) Barrett & Golf.) (1), 10 km east of Gualaco, Department Olancho, Honduras (elevation 800 m). Several trees were severely infected, and some dwarf mistletoe-associated mortality was observed at this location. The identification of A. hawksworthii was confirmed by comparing specimens collected from Honduras with specimens from Belize, which are deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. The mistletoes Psittacanthus angustifolius Kuijt and P. pinicola Kuijt (Loranthaceae) were also observed at this location parasitizing Caribbean pine. However, infection by both of these mistletoes was not severe, and no mistletoe-associated mortality was observed. Specimens of these mistletoes from Caribbean pine have been deposited at the Herbario, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Forestales, Siguatepeque, Honduras. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. hawksworthii from Honduras and extends its range approximately 350 km to the east-southeast of the Mountain Pine Ridge in Belize. This is also the first report P. angustifolius on Caribbean pine, but P. pinicola commonly infects this host in northern Honduras and Belize (2). References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf mistletoes: biology, pathology, and systematics. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (2) J. Kuijt. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 74:511, 1987.

scholarly journals First Report of Cladocolea cupulata on Pinus douglasiana and P. herrerai in Northern Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-681
Author(s):  
S. Kenaley ◽  
B. Howell ◽  
R. Mathiasen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Arnold Arbor ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Northern Arizona University ◽  
Pinus Spp

The mistletoe Cladocolea cupulata Kuijt (Loranthaceae) has previously been reported parasitizing pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) in central Mexico (3). As of today, reported pine hosts have been Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa and P. lumholtzii B.L. Rob. & Fernald from the state of Jalisco (1,2). During July 2005, we found this mistletoe parasitizing P. douglasiana Martinez and P. herrerai Martinez along Route 40 in Durango approximately 8 km east of El Palmito (23°35′54″N, 105°50′45″W, elevation 2,000 m). We also found the mistletoe on P. douglasiana along Route 40 at approximately 18 km west of El Palmito (23°27′51″N, 105°49′58″W, elevation 1,780 m) in the state of Sinaloa. Additional populations of this mistletoe were observed along the roadside of Route 40 in the Sinaloa-Durango border region. Infected trees had one to five mistletoe plants on them. Comparing infected hosts with neighboring noninfected hosts, the mistletoe appeared to have no effect on the growth of the infected trees. No mortality associated with mistletoe infection was observed for either of these mistletoe-host combinations. C. cupulata can be distinguished from its closest relatives, C. grahami Kuijt and C. pringlei Kuijt, by its longer, narrower, opposite leaves, parallel venation, and the saddle-like peduncles that hold four flowers (3). The other taxa have predominantly alternate leaves with pinnate venation and lack the saddle-like peduncle. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C.cupulata parasitizing P. douglasiana and P. herrerai and the first report of this mistletoe from the states of Durango and Sinaloa (2,3). Specimens of C. cupulata and host material were collected and have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium (ASC), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession Nos. 79532, 79533, and 79536). References: (1) B. Chazado. Biosphera 1:3, 1990. (2) B. Geils et al. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-98, 2002. (3) J. Kuijt. J. Arnold Arbor. Harv. Univ. 56:265, 1975.

scholarly journals First Report of Arceuthobium aureum subsp. aureum in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-469
Author(s):  
R. Mathiasen ◽  
B. Howell ◽  
G. Garnett
Keyword(s):  
Type Locality ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Northern Arizona University ◽  
Pinus Spp

The golden dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium aureum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. aureum, Viscaceae) parasitizes several pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) in central Guatemala (1). In September 2006, we observed golden dwarf mistletoe parasitizing Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore in southern Chiapas, Mexico; 1 km west of El Rosario along Mexico Route 211 (15°19′23″N, 92°17′45″W, elevation 1,720m). Golden dwarf mistletoe can be distinguished from the closely related Peterson's dwarf mistletoe (A. aureum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. petersonii Hawksw. & Wiens) by its smaller shoots, occurrence below 2,200 m in elevation, and flowering period (1). The shoots of the dwarf mistletoe at the El Rosario location were less than 20 cm high and male plants were not flowering. Male plants of Peterson's dwarf mistletoe observed at the type locality and other locations in Chiapas during September were in full flower. Although only 29 trees were infected at this location, infection was severe on 11 trees, but no mortality associated with dwarf mistletoe infection was observed. Mistletoe infection did not induce the formation of witches'-brooms near El Rosario, but infection by golden dwarf mistletoe on P. maximinoi does induce witches'-brooms on older trees in Guatemala (2). The golden dwarf mistletoe population near El Rosario is approximately 150 km west of the nearest known population of this species in Guatemala (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of golden dwarf mistletoe in Mexico. Specimens of golden dwarf mistletoe from Chiapas, Mexico were deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 83122). References: (1) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Systematics, and Pathology. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. 2) R. Mathiasen et al. Madrono 23:122, 2004.

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