First Report of Cladocolea cupulata on Pinus douglasiana and P. herrerai in Northern Mexico

The mistletoe Cladocolea cupulata Kuijt (Loranthaceae) has previously been reported parasitizing pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) in central Mexico (3). As of today, reported pine hosts have been Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa and P. lumholtzii B.L. Rob. & Fernald from the state of Jalisco (1,2). During July 2005, we found this mistletoe parasitizing P. douglasiana Martinez and P. herrerai Martinez along Route 40 in Durango approximately 8 km east of El Palmito (23°35′54″N, 105°50′45″W, elevation 2,000 m). We also found the mistletoe on P. douglasiana along Route 40 at approximately 18 km west of El Palmito (23°27′51″N, 105°49′58″W, elevation 1,780 m) in the state of Sinaloa. Additional populations of this mistletoe were observed along the roadside of Route 40 in the Sinaloa-Durango border region. Infected trees had one to five mistletoe plants on them. Comparing infected hosts with neighboring noninfected hosts, the mistletoe appeared to have no effect on the growth of the infected trees. No mortality associated with mistletoe infection was observed for either of these mistletoe-host combinations. C. cupulata can be distinguished from its closest relatives, C. grahami Kuijt and C. pringlei Kuijt, by its longer, narrower, opposite leaves, parallel venation, and the saddle-like peduncles that hold four flowers (3). The other taxa have predominantly alternate leaves with pinnate venation and lack the saddle-like peduncle. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C.cupulata parasitizing P. douglasiana and P. herrerai and the first report of this mistletoe from the states of Durango and Sinaloa (2,3). Specimens of C. cupulata and host material were collected and have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium (ASC), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession Nos. 79532, 79533, and 79536). References: (1) B. Chazado. Biosphera 1:3, 1990. (2) B. Geils et al. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-98, 2002. (3) J. Kuijt. J. Arnold Arbor. Harv. Univ. 56:265, 1975.

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First Report of Arceuthobium globosum subsp. grandicaule in Honduras

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.563a ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 563-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Melgar ◽

R. Mathiasen ◽

B. Howell

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

Stem Base ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

West Central ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Pinus Spp ◽

Brown Color

Large-stemmed dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium globosum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. grandicaule Hawksw. & Wiens-Viscaceae) parasitizes several Pinus spp. in central Mexico and western Guatemala (1). In November 2000 several trees of Pinus hartwegii Lindley were discovered being parasitized by this dwarf mistletoe near the summit of Cerro las Minas, Montana de Celaque (2850 m elevation) approximately 12 km southwest of Gracias, Department Lempira, Honduras. Species identification was based on the size of the plants, which were greater than 50 cm in height, and the dark brown color and size (2.1 to 4.5 cm) of the stem base (1). There was no apparent infection of nearby Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb., which is known to be immune to the pathogen. Specimens of A. globosum subsp. grandicaule were collected and deposited at the Herbario, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Forestales, Siguatepeque, Honduras and at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this dwarf mistletoe in Honduras and extends its eastern distribution from west-central Guatemala by approximately 300 km. Reference: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. 1996. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709.

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First Report of Psittacanthus macrantherus on Pinus devoniana and Quercus castanea in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-1461c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (11) ◽

pp. 1461-1461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Howell ◽

S. Kenaley ◽

R. Mathiasen

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Infected Tree ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Pinus Spp ◽

Very High ◽

Important Parasite

The mistletoe Psittacanthus macrantherus Eichl. (Loranthaceae) is an important parasite of pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) in Mexico (1). It has been reported to parasitize Pinus engelmannii Carr., P. herrerai Mart., P. lawsonii Roezl ex Gord. & Glend., P. lumholtzii Robins & Fern., P. oocarpa Schiede, and P. pseudostrobus Lindl. (1). During July 2005, we found this mistletoe parasitizing P. devoniana Lindl. and Quercus castanea Nee near Route 40 in Sinaloa, Mexico approximately 12 km west of El Palmito (23°30′N, 105°07′W, elevation 1,900 m). The mistletoe was common in P. devoniana, and some trees were severely infected (>10 plants per tree). However, no mortality associated with mistletoe infection in P. devoniana was observed. Only one infected tree of Q. castanea was observed in this area and it was not severely infected. We also observed this mistletoe on P. douglasiana Mart. along Route 40 west and east of El Palmito, but no specimens were collected because plants were very high in the crowns of the infected trees. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this mistletoe parasitizing P. devoniana, P. douglasiana, and Q. castanea (1). Specimens of Psittacanthus macrantherus from P. devoniana and Q. castenea have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium (ASC), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession Nos. 79534 and 79535). References: (1) B. Geils et al. Mistletoes of North American conifers. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-98, 2002.

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First Report of Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum on Pinus mugo

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.11.1395c ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (11) ◽

pp. 1395-1395

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

M. Haefeli ◽

D. Leatherman

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Pinus Mugo ◽

Black Forest ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Positive Identification ◽

Northern Arizona University

Southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, family Viscaceae) is a serious and common pathogen of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico (1). In July 2002, this dwarf mistletoe was observed parasitizing a 1.4-m tall mugo pine (P. mugo Turra) in the Black Forest north of Colorado Springs, CO (39°02.118′N, 104°36.028′W, elevation 2,250 m). The infected mugo pine was planted as an ornamental approximately 6 m from a ponderosa pine infected with A vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum. Dwarf mistletoe shoots were produced on the only infected branch observed but this was sufficient for a positive identification of the dwarf mistletoe. Although J. Weir successfully inoculated mugo pine with western dwarf mistletoe (A. campylopodum Engelm.) and lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (A. americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) (2), to our knowledge, this is the first report of a dwarf mistletoe occurring naturally on P. mugo, as well as the first report of A vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum on P. mugo (1). Specimens of A vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum from P. mugo have been deposited in the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 73761). References: (1) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf mistletoes: biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (2) J. Weir. Bot. Gaz. 56:1, 1918.

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First Report of Arceuthobium aureum subsp. aureum in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-4-0469b ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 469-469

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

B. Howell ◽

G. Garnett

Keyword(s):

Type Locality ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Pinus Spp

The golden dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium aureum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. aureum, Viscaceae) parasitizes several pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) in central Guatemala (1). In September 2006, we observed golden dwarf mistletoe parasitizing Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore in southern Chiapas, Mexico; 1 km west of El Rosario along Mexico Route 211 (15°19′23″N, 92°17′45″W, elevation 1,720m). Golden dwarf mistletoe can be distinguished from the closely related Peterson's dwarf mistletoe (A. aureum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. petersonii Hawksw. & Wiens) by its smaller shoots, occurrence below 2,200 m in elevation, and flowering period (1). The shoots of the dwarf mistletoe at the El Rosario location were less than 20 cm high and male plants were not flowering. Male plants of Peterson's dwarf mistletoe observed at the type locality and other locations in Chiapas during September were in full flower. Although only 29 trees were infected at this location, infection was severe on 11 trees, but no mortality associated with dwarf mistletoe infection was observed. Mistletoe infection did not induce the formation of witches'-brooms near El Rosario, but infection by golden dwarf mistletoe on P. maximinoi does induce witches'-brooms on older trees in Guatemala (2). The golden dwarf mistletoe population near El Rosario is approximately 150 km west of the nearest known population of this species in Guatemala (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of golden dwarf mistletoe in Mexico. Specimens of golden dwarf mistletoe from Chiapas, Mexico were deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 83122). References: (1) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Systematics, and Pathology. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. 2) R. Mathiasen et al. Madrono 23:122, 2004.

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First Report of Durangan Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. durangense, on Pinus cooperi and P. engelmannii in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-9-1201a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (9) ◽

pp. 1201-1201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen

Keyword(s):

Molecular Evidence ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

Sierra Madre Occidental ◽

First Report ◽

The Road ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Bright Orange ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Sierra Madre ◽

Pinus Spp

The Durangan dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. durangense Hawksw. & Wiens, Viscaceae) parasitizes several species of pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) in the Mexican states of Durango, Sinaloa, and Jalisco (1,3). This mistletoe has primarily been reported from the western edge of the Sierra Madre Occidental in eastern Sinaloa and western Durango, but its distribution there is not well documented (3). In March 2007, I found Durangan dwarf mistletoe parasitizing Pinus engelmannii Carr., approximately 25 km north of Mexico Route 40 (24°00′51″N, 105°26′48″W, elevation 2,200 m), and on P. cooperi Blanco approximately 90 km north of Route 40 (24°24′40″N, 105°35′26″W, elevation 2,710 m) along the road to San Miguel de las Cruces, Durango. These populations are approximately 50 and 80 km northeast of the closest known population of Durangan dwarf mistletoe west of Buenos Aires along Route 40 in extreme western Durango. Infection of P. engelmannii was severe on 25 trees, but only severe on two trees of P. cooperi. No mortality associated with infection by Durangan dwarf mistletoe was observed at either location. Infection caused large, nonsystemic witches' brooms on P. engelmannii, but no brooms were observed on infected P. cooperi. To my knowledge, this is the first report of Durangan dwarf mistletoe on P. cooperi and P. engelmannii, and the first report of this mistletoe from the central Sierra Madre Occidental (3). Although Hawksworth and Wiens (2,3) treated Durangan dwarf mistletoe as a species (A. durangense Hawksw. & Wiens), I use the earlier classification of Durangan dwarf mistletoe as a subspecies of Mexican dwarf mistletoe (A. vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. vaginatum) (1) because of recent molecular evidence (4) and morphological similarities with Mexican dwarf mistletoe. The principal difference between these mistletoes is that plants of Durangan dwarf mistletoe are bright orange while those of Mexican dwarf mistletoe are dark brown to black (1–3). Specimens of Durangan dwarf mistletoe on Pinus engelmannii and P. cooperi have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession Nos. 76455 and 76456, respectively). References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens, Brittonia 17:213, 1965. (2) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Phytologia 66:3, 1989. (3) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (4) D. L. Nickrent et al. Am. J. Bot. 91:125, 2004.

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First Report of Mountain Hemlock Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. mertensianae) on Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana) from Oregon

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-3-0321a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 321-321

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

C. Daugherty

Keyword(s):

Sierra Nevada ◽

Plant Size ◽

The Other ◽

White Pine ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Sierra Nevada Mountains ◽

Sugar Pine ◽

Northern Arizona University

Mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones subsp. mertensianae Hawksw. & Nickrent, Viscaceae) commonly parasitizes mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.) from the central Sierra Nevada Mountains to the southern Cascades in Oregon (1,3). It has also been reported to commonly parasitize whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and occasionally western white pine (P. monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) (1,4). In September of 2008, we found mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe infecting two sugar pines (P. lambertiana Dougl.) 4.5 km north of Windigo Pass, Oregon (42°24′40″N, 123°35′26″W, elevation 2,710 m). One of the sugar pines was 63.5 cm (25 inches) in diameter and had three infections. The other tree was 22.4 cm (9 inches) in diameter, but had 17 infections, many with mistletoe plants that allowed identification of the mistletoe using published descriptions (1,2). Mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe can be distinguished from sugar pine dwarf mistletoe (A. californicum Hawksw. & Wiens) by its smaller plant size (mean height 5 cm versus 8 cm) and plant color (green-brown versus green to yellow) (1,2). An area (site) of approximately 1 ha around the infected sugar pines was examined and none of the other sugar pines we observed (33 trees) were found to be infected. Because mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe also occurs in the principal range of sugar pine in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, it may also parasitize this tree there. However, our observations in several mountain hemlock stands infested with mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe in California have failed to uncover infection of sugar pine by this mistletoe. Therefore, we would tentatively classify sugar pine as a rare host of mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe (1). Specimens of mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe on sugar pine were collected and deposited at the Deaver Herbarium (ASC), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 87122). To our knowledge, this is the first report of mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe parasitizing sugar pine. References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (2) F. G. Hawksworth et al. Novon 2:204, 1992. (3) R. L. Mathiasen and C. M. Daugherty. Novon 17:222, 2007. (4) R. L. Mathiasen and F. G. Hawksworth. For. Sci. 34:429, 1988.

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Bautista Embraces Mormonism, 1901–1910

The Spiritual Evolution of Margarito Bautista ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190942106.003.0004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 44-61

Author(s):

Elisa Eastwood Pulido

Keyword(s):

Jesus Christ ◽

Community Building ◽

The State ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Latter Day Saints ◽

Central Plateau ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

The Church

This chapter examines Margarito Bautista’s 1901 conversion to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Central Mexico and his subsequent residency in the polygamous Mormon Colonies in northern Mexico from 1903 to 1910. It argues that in the first decade after his conversion, Bautista’s mirroring of Euro-American Mormon missionaries transformed him into a potent, if unpaid evangelizer and impressed upon him the idea that the development of Mexico and Mexicans was a religious duty that required self-sacrifice, community building, and the strict observance of difficult practices, i.e. polygamy. After his conversion, Bautista quickly rose through the ranks of the Mormon priesthood and began evangelizing other Mexicans, first on Mexico’s Central Plateau and later in the state of Chihuahua, where he witnessed first-hand the Mormon practice of gathering into homogenous communities, the practice of polygamy, and the ability of Mormon colonists to tame the wilderness.

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First Report of Psittacanthus angustifolius on Pines in Mexico and Guatemala

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.808d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 808-808 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

C. Parks ◽

J. Beatty ◽

S. Sesnie

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Pinus Tecunumanii ◽

New York Botanical Garden ◽

Pinus Oocarpa ◽

North And South ◽

Common Parasite

The mistletoe Psittacanthus angustifolius Kuijt (Loranthaceae) is a common parasite of pines in Honduras (2). In March we observed this mistletoe parasitizing a pine that Farjon and Styles (1) have classified as Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry 4 km south of Jitotol, Chiapas, Mexico. The taxonomy of this host in Chiapas is controversial as Perry (3) classifies the Chiapas populations of this pine as Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenai Martinez. We also observed P. angustifolius on P. oocarpa Schiede 4 km north of Jitotol. In addition, we found this mistletoe parasitizing Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore approximately 15 km west of Ocosingo, Chiapas. In Guatemala, we observed P. angustifolius on P. oocarpa at several locations north and south of La Cumbre, Department Baja Verapaz. This mistletoe appears to be less common in Chiapas and Guatemala than it is in Honduras. We did not observe this mistletoe damaging its pine hosts in Mexico or Guatemala. This is the first report of P. angustifolius in both Mexico and Guatemala and the first report of this mistletoe on Pinus tecunumanii (or Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenai). Specimens of P. angustifolius from the above pine hosts have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. References: (1) A. Farjon and B. Styles. Pinus (Pinaceae), Flora Neotropica, Monogr. 75, New York Botanical Garden, 1997. (2) Mathiasen et al. Plant Dis. 84:203, 2000. (3) J. Perry. The Pines of Mexico and Central America, Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 1991

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First Report of Arceuthobium hondurense in Oaxaca, Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.1.72b ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 72-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

D. Nickrent ◽

C. Daugherty

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Male Flower ◽

Flower Color ◽

Its Sequences ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽

Celaque National Park

Honduran dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium hondurense Hawksw. & Wiens) has only been found in four locations in Honduras: west of Zamorano, east of Lepaterique, Cusuco National Park, and Celaque National Park (1,2). At one time it was believed that this mistletoe could be in danger of extinction (1). However, it has also been reported in two locations in Chiapas, Mexico (3). In December 2000, ≈1 km north of Suchixtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, near Route 175 (elevation 2,770 m), we collected a dwarf mistletoe parasitizing Pinus tecunumanii (Schw.) Eguiluz et Perry that was morphologically similar to A. hondurense (1). This population initially had been classified as A. nigrum Hawksw. & Wiens (1), but is now classified as A. hondurense based on morphology (male flower color and stigma length) (1) and analysis of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from Honduras (GenBank Accession No. AF325969) and Oaxaca (GenBank Accession No. AY055215). A comparison of these two A. hondurense ITS sequences indicated they are very closely related to each other, whereas both are distinct from A. nigrum (GenBank Accession No. L25693). Specimens of A. hondurense from Oaxaca were deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. hondurense in Oaxaca, Mexico, and extends its known distribution west across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec from central Chiapas by ≈400 km. References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (2) R. Mathiasen et al. Phytologia 85:268, 1998. (3) R. Mathiasen et al. Plant Dis. 85:444, 2001.

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First Report of Psittacanthus angustifolius on Pinus oocarpa and Pinus maximinoi

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.203a ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 203-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

J. Melgar ◽

J. Beatty ◽

C. Parks

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Parasitic Plant ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Single Tree ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Pinus Oocarpa ◽

Host Mortality ◽

Celaque National Park ◽

Main Entrance

The mistletoe Psittacanthus angustifolius Kuijt (Loranthaceae) was first described in 1987 on Pinus from Nicaragua near the Honduran border, but the species of pine was not designated (1). Kuijt (1) speculated that this mistletoe probably also occurs in Honduras. During March and October 1999 we observed P. angustifolius parasitizing Pinus oocarpa Schiede in the departments of Choluteca, Francisco Morazan, El Paraiso, Intibuca, Lempira, and Olancho in Honduras. This mistletoe appears to be a very common parasitic plant on pines in Honduras and is associated with host mortality. We also observed P. angustifolius parasitizing Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore at two locations in the department of Lempira: one infection on a single tree 1.5 km east of El Matazano (elevation 1,400 m) and six and eight infections on two trees 0.5 km west of the main entrance to Celaque National Park east of Gracias (elevation 1,200 m). This is the first report of P. angustifolius in Honduras and the first report of this mistletoe on Pinus oocarpa and Pinus maximinoi. Specimens of P. angustifolius from Pinus oocarpa and Pinus maximinoi have been deposited at the Herbario, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Forestales, Siguatepeque, Honduras, and at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Reference: (1) J. Kuijt. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 74:511, 1987.

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