Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Paraffin-Embedded Plant Tissues to Study Invasive Processes of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of perithecial development in a species of Phyllactinia on oak

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 2175-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Harris ◽  
Ivan L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Study Development

A species of Phyllactinia on oak was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The naturally dried fungus was minimally manipulated in preparation for study. Development was followed by examining various stages from initial to mature perithecium. Immature perithecial appendages were found to be less rigid than those which had matured. The sticky apical mucilage droplet on the maturing perithecium was observed, but the penicillate cells that form the droplet were not easily seen. As the appendages dried they lifted the perithecium off the surrounding surface. Some perithecia were found that had overturned and adhered to the hyphae-covered leaf by means of the mucilage droplet. This study has resulted in visualization of Phyllactinia surface structure in more detail than heretofore reported. Other plant pathogenic fungi, especially those producing naturally dry mature fruiting bodies, should be amenable to study by this method.

scholarly journals Scanning electron microscopy of hyphal interaction between Streptomyces griseoviridis and some plant pathogenic fungi

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Eeva Tapio ◽  
Arja Pohto-Lahdenperä
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Phomopsis Sclerotioides ◽  
Streptomyces Griseoviridis ◽  
Scanning Electron

The interaction between Streptomyces griseoviridis and the pathogens Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycocentrospora acerina, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied by SEM both on autoclaved seeds and living seedlings of turnip rape and carrot and the fungi Phomopsis sclerotioides and Pythium ultimum on cucumber seedlings. The samples were prepared by the standard method for examination by scanning electron microscope. The hyperparasitism of S. griseoviridis was clearly shown. S. griseoviridis tightly wound around Alternaria conidia and Sclerotinia hyphae, eventually disintegrating them. It grew along the hyphae of B. cinerea, P. sclerotioides and M. acerina, dissolving them. The hypha of F. oxysporum seemed to be slightly affected, and its conidia not at all. The hyperparasite grew only loosely on the hypha of R. solani and on the mycelium and oogonia of Pythium which seemed not to sustain much injury.

Detection of Calcium in the Adhesive Material Obtained from the Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum Graminicola'. X Ray Microanalysis (Eds) Evidences

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
B. Leite ◽  
M.L. Ishida ◽  
E. Alves ◽  
S.F. Pascholati ◽  
J.A. Sugui
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Adhesive Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Artificial Surface ◽  
Appressoria Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The appressoria formation of Colletotrichum graminicola was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an X Ray microanalysis system (EDS - Oxford Instrument LINK ISIS). Recently formed appressoria, an infection structure of plant pathogenic fungi, firmly glues itself to an artificial surface (polystyrene) as a consequence of the production of an adhesive material (AM). The nature of this material was already demonstrated to be mainly constituted of a glycoprotein (Sugui et al, PMPP, 1998). The objective of this work was to verify the involvement of divalent ions, specially calcium, in the process as whole.The AM was isolated and purified from conidia that germinated on polystyrene Petri dishes. The primary AM was dialyzed against three liters of distilled water before being lyophilized. Subsequently, the material was placed on top of a carbon tape and observed by scanning electron microscopy under high vacuum (Fig. 1 and 2A). On the other hand, the same material was submitted to X Ray microanalysis without coating.

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to paraffin-embedded plant tissues to study invasive processes of plant-pathogenic fungi

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
E. G. Kokko ◽  
D. A. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) applied to paraffin-embedded tissue section is compared with the traditional techniques of light microscopy (LM) and surface SEM for the study of invasion by a plant-pathogenic fungus. SEM of paraffin-embedded sections of wheat leaves infected by Coprinus psychromorbidus consistently yielded high-quality micrographs showing three-dimensional views of both internal and external disease development processes. When the orientation of the specimen in the SEM is manipulated, the specimen can be viewed from different perspectives. The technique is simple and inexpensive and combines the advantages of great depth of focus and high resolution of the SEM with the simple preparatory techniques employed for light microscopy.

scholarly journals Developments in application of light and scanning electron microscopy techniques for cell wall degradation studies

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-373
Author(s):  
F.M. Engels
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Scanning Electron

The results of recent technological developments in light and scanning electron microscopy closely used for research on forage cell wall degradation in ruminants, are reviewed. The indigestibility of forages by rumen microorganisms used to be ascribed mainly to an overall presence of lignin in the plant material. However, early light microscopic observations without application of histochemical staining revealed that some leaf and stem tissues were degraded completely. The early use of lignin detecting dyes, such as acid phloroglucinol or safranin, in light microscopy made it possible to discriminate between lignified undegradable and unlignified degradable plant tissues. The introduction of the scanning electron microscope enabled a further discrimination between degradable and undegradable cell wall and cell wall layers in plant tissues. As a result of continuous improvement of the techniques used in microscopy, e.g. section to slide, mirror sectioning, microspectrophotometry and cryo-ultramilling, forage indigestibility can now be attributed to the specific deposition and location of cutin/suberin or lignin layers inside the plant cell wall. These structural layers form barriers hindering access of rumen microorganisms to degradable parts of the cell wall.

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