RESEARCH OF THE ULTRASONIC DRYING PROCESS OF VARIOUS MATERIALS

В статье рассматривается процесс конвективной сушки тканых материалов и продуктов растительного происхождения. Показано, что длительность процесса может быть уменьшена за счет дополнительного воздействия ультразвуковыми колебаниями высокой интенсивности. Для определения ускорения процесса сушки ультразвуковыми колебаниями были разработаны лабораторные установки, позволяющие организовать комбинированное воздействие потока теплого воздуха и ультразвуковых колебаний. Комбинированная сушка ткани проводилась при трех различных температурах сушильного агента. Было установлено, что сокращение времени процесса по сравнению с конвективной сушкой зависит от температуры сушильного агента и составляет от 10% при температуре 40 0C до 20% при температуре 60 0C. В свою очередь, сушка овощей проводилась на резонансных промежутках от излучающего диска, при этом овощи нарезались толщиной 5 мм и располагались тонкими слоями. Комбинированная сушка моркови и картофеля позволила достичь сокращения времени сушки на 45-47%. При этом затраты на электроэнергию для ультразвукового аппарата составляют не более 30% от затрат на конвективную сушку. В результате проведенной работы была показана эффективность применения комбинированной ультразвуковой и конвективной сушки прежде всего для обезвоживания овощей, тогда как для ткани эффект не столь очевиден. Лабораторные исследования проводились при малом объеме высушиваемого материала, из-за слабого проникновения ультразвуковых колебаний на большую глубину, поэтому дальнейшие исследования необходимо направить на разработку полупромышленных и промышленных сушильных аппаратов для ультразвуковой сушки овощей и других термолабильных материалов. The article deals with the process of convective drying of fabrics and vegetables. The duration of the process can be reduced by additional exposure to high-intensity ultrasonic vibrations. To carry out drying, laboratory installations were developed that allow organizing the combined effect of a stream of warm air and ultrasonic vibrations. The combined drying of the fabric was carried out at three different temperatures of the drying agent and it was noted that the greatest reduction in drying time compared to convective drying was achieved at a temperature of 60 ° C. Although the overall reduction in drying time ranged from 10% to 20% depending on the temperature of the air flow. Drying of vegetables was carried out at resonance intervals from the emitting disk, while vegetables were cut 5 mm thick and placed in thin layers. Combined drying of carrots and potatoes made it possible to achieve a reduction in drying time of 45-47%. In this case, the cost of electricity for the ultrasonic apparatus is a small part of the cost of convective drying. As a result of the work carried out, it is possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the use of combined ultrasonic and convective drying for dehydration of vegetables, while the effect is not so obvious for tissue. Laboratory studies were carried out with a small volume of dried material, due to the weak penetration of ultrasonic vibrations to a great depth, therefore, further research should be directed to the development of semi-industrial and industrial dryers for ultrasonic drying of vegetables and other heat-sensitive materials.

В дополнение к списку межславянских лексических заимствований в русском приказном языке XVII в.

Данная статья посвящена проблематике сложных межславянских языковых контактов в XVII в. и продолжает цикл публикаций автора на эту тему. Исследование опирается на историко-филологи-ческие методы, которые помогают установить направление языкового влияния при контактирова-нии генетически родственных языков. Успешному применению указанных методов способствует использование данных исторических словарей восточнославянских и западнославянских языков с большой глубиной диахронии и широким кругом памятников письменности разных жанров и различного происхождения. Эта информация помогает выявлять межславянские заимствования и верифицировать результаты предшествующих исследований.В публикации на материале дипломатической корреспонденции Московского государства рас-сматривается происхождение и история четырех лексем: навезенье ‘пребывание в неволе, в плену, в заключении’, надарити / надарыти ‘одарить, наделить чем-л.; подарить что-л.’, новокрещенецъ / но-вокщенецъ ‘тот, кто недавно крестился, принял христианство; лицо, перешедшее в христианство из другого вероисповедания’, новообранный ‘вновь избранный, новоизбранный’ во всех контактиро-вавших языках: русском, польском, письменности Великого княжества Литовского, а также белорус-ском и украинском языках. Цель автора – доказать, что эти слова являются лексическими заимство-ваниями из польского языка. Исследование основано на тщательном сопоставлении данных разного типа словарей русского, белорусского, украинского и польского языков, что позволило доказать неисконность рассматриваемых лексем в русском языке и установить источник заимствования, а также выявить посредническую роль письменности ВКЛ в польско-русских языковых контактах.В результате анализа материала было установлено, что все четыре лексемы, вероятнее всего, яв-ляются полонизмами, при этом слова надарити / надарыти, новокрещенецъ / новокщенецъ и ново-обранный проникли в русский письменный язык XVII в., по-видимому, благодаря посредничеству письменности ВКЛ. Кроме того, для лексемы надарити / надарыти была конкретизирована хро-нологическая характеристика, а для слова новообранный удревнено время появления его в русском письменном языке.Материалы данной публикации могут быть использованы для дополнения и уточнения информа-ции этимологических и исторических словарей славянских языков.This paper is devoted to the problems of complex inter-Slavic language contacts in the 17th century and continues the author’s cycle of publications on this topic. The study is based on historical and philological methods that help to establish the direction of language influence when genetically related languages contact. The successful application of these methods is facilitated by the use of historical dictionaries of the West Slavic and East Slavic languages with a great depth of diachrony and a wide range of written monuments of different genres and various origins. This information helps to identify inter-Slavic language borrowings and verify the results of previous studies.The paper examines the origin and history of four words found in the Muscovite diplomatic correspondence: navezenie ‘captivity, imprisonment’, nadariti / nadaryti ‘to give, to bestow’, novokreščeniec ‘neophyte; Anabaptist’, novoobrannyj ‘newly elected’ in all contacting languages: Russian, Polish, the written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as well as Belarusian and Ukrainian. The author aims at proving that these words are lexical borrowings from the Polish language. The study is based on a careful comparison of data of various types of dictionaries of the Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Polish languages, which made it possible to prove the foreign origin of these tokens in the Russian language and to establish the source of borrowings as well as to identify the intermediary role of the written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Polish–Russian language contacts.As a result of the study, it was found that all four lexemes are Polonisms. It was also established that the words nadariti / nadaryti, novokreščeniec, and novoobrannyj were introduced to the Russian written language of the 17th century, most likely due to the mediation of the written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In addition, the time of appearance of the word nadariti / nadaryti in the Russian written language was specified, and an earlier chronology was established for the word novoobrannyj.The materials in this publication can be used to supplement and clarify the information of the etymological and historical dictionaries of the Slavic languages.

Patient safety awareness and attitude among interns of a tertiary care hospital

Background: Patient Safety (PS) emerging as global health problem. PS attitudes are being assessed worldwide but behaviors and attitudes in young doctors have not been studied in great depth. Aim: To assess knowledge and attitude towards PS in Foundation Year Trainees (Interns) in a tertiary care hospital. Method: A cross sectional Survey was applied to 126 Interns of Combined Military Hospital Lahore using Questionnaire (APSQ) in December 2019. The survey was kept anonymous. Statistical analysis was by utilizing SPSS Version 23. Results: Interns had PS knowledge. Highest domain score was “Attitude to medical error reporting” (53.34 + 7.62) followed by “PS knowledge” (50.88 + 6.85). The lowest domain score was “Attitude to PS Skills” (16.34 + 3.46). Pearson correlations revealed significant correlation between domains. Conclusion: The study showed that there was prevalence of PS knowledge among interns but limited understanding requiring training. KEYWORDS: Attitude, patient safety, medical errors, interns Continuous...

Throwing Away the Key: An Examination of the Renaissance of Preventive Detention in New Zealand

<p>The indeterminate sentence of preventive detention has experienced a renaissance in New Zealand since the 1980s. What was once a seldom used, emergency provision intended for application to the most dangerous offenders in our society, is now used with alarming frequency: while fifteen offenders served sentences of preventive detention in 1981, the number had risen to 263 by 2014. This thesis seeks to explore the forces driving the renaissance of preventive detention in New Zealand. Throughout advanced liberal democracies, there has been a shift toward risk driven penal policy. Significant social, political, and economic changes in these societies from the 1980s onwards - such as the neoliberal reforms, and the associated uncaging of risk; social liberation and restructuring; and the cultivation of lifestyles; have contributed to, and exacerbated ontological insecurity and anxiety. The delegation of risk by the state to the individual has produced the variety of benefits and opportunities it was intended for, however it has also left people feeling insecure about their safety and wellbeing within the modern society, knowing that the shrunken state is unwilling, or unable to intervene and protect them. The expansion of preventive detention is an example of the state stepping in and performing a ‘spectacular rescue’ (Pratt and Anderson, 2016: 12). The revival and expansion of preventive detention has been part of the response of the New Zealand government to the intolerable risk of irreparable and irredeemable harm, posed by violent and sexual offenders in particular. The significant increase in the use of preventive detention is representative of a wider trend of risk driven penal policy throughout the main English speaking societies. While the parallel strand of punitive penal policy has been explored in great depth, the trend toward risk driven penal policy has elicited less focus. Within the literature, there is a lack of identification of risk driven penal policy as a separate strand of development, subject to a separate line of inquiry. This thesis seeks to add to the literature on the influence of risk, exploring it as the driving force behind the revival of preventive detention.</p>

Throwing Away the Key: An Examination of the Renaissance of Preventive Detention in New Zealand

<p>The indeterminate sentence of preventive detention has experienced a renaissance in New Zealand since the 1980s. What was once a seldom used, emergency provision intended for application to the most dangerous offenders in our society, is now used with alarming frequency: while fifteen offenders served sentences of preventive detention in 1981, the number had risen to 263 by 2014. This thesis seeks to explore the forces driving the renaissance of preventive detention in New Zealand. Throughout advanced liberal democracies, there has been a shift toward risk driven penal policy. Significant social, political, and economic changes in these societies from the 1980s onwards - such as the neoliberal reforms, and the associated uncaging of risk; social liberation and restructuring; and the cultivation of lifestyles; have contributed to, and exacerbated ontological insecurity and anxiety. The delegation of risk by the state to the individual has produced the variety of benefits and opportunities it was intended for, however it has also left people feeling insecure about their safety and wellbeing within the modern society, knowing that the shrunken state is unwilling, or unable to intervene and protect them. The expansion of preventive detention is an example of the state stepping in and performing a ‘spectacular rescue’ (Pratt and Anderson, 2016: 12). The revival and expansion of preventive detention has been part of the response of the New Zealand government to the intolerable risk of irreparable and irredeemable harm, posed by violent and sexual offenders in particular. The significant increase in the use of preventive detention is representative of a wider trend of risk driven penal policy throughout the main English speaking societies. While the parallel strand of punitive penal policy has been explored in great depth, the trend toward risk driven penal policy has elicited less focus. Within the literature, there is a lack of identification of risk driven penal policy as a separate strand of development, subject to a separate line of inquiry. This thesis seeks to add to the literature on the influence of risk, exploring it as the driving force behind the revival of preventive detention.</p>

METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND VISUALIZATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE DISPOSAL SITES USING AEROSPACE DATA

With the increase of temperatures in the summer, the danger of self-ignition of landfills for household waste increases, because of the biochemical processes that take place inside them. The most recent example is the municipal landfill for non-hazardous waste near the town of Dupnitsa. The self-ignition started on July 23, 2021 and continued to smolder for almost a week, which led to a great danger of burning the area around it or poisoning the population. It is believed that one of the main reasons is the great depth of the accumulated waste. There is an urgent need to do quality control of most of the landfills for municipal waste in our country. Some of them are located next to major river arteries or international roads. Non-compliance with the requirements for maintenance, management and operation hides a serious potential for an ecological catastrophe. It is essential that stricter measures are taken and that these landfills are monitored. The aim of the present work is to reveal the possibilities and potential of aerospace data and to show different methods for processing, interpretation, and visualization. They can easily identify, map, and survey a waste disposal site. Optical images of the multispectral instrument (MSI) of the Sentinel 2 platform and radar (SAR) data from the Sentinel 1 platform of the Copernicus program of the European Space Agency were used. Thermal bands from the Landsat 5 - 7 (ETM) and Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) sensors of the Landsat program were used to calculate the land surface temperature. Satellite images have been orthogonized, and composite images between optical and radar data have been created for better visualization.

Constructing the Identities of Place: An Exploration of Māori and Archaeological Heritage Practices in Aotearoa New Zealand

<p>This thesis examines a problem in current heritage practice, namely, the statutory management of archaeological sites separately from other heritage places with the consequent loss of many sites of importance to Māori. It explores places and the different meanings and practices of heritage constructed around them by archaeologists and Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand where such questions have not been critically examined in great depth. The study responds to this gap in the literature by setting out to develop a theory of heritage practice that enables the effective translation of peoples' heritage aspirations into a workable model of heritage management in place of the current framework. The research has used an interdisciplinary theoretical framework developed from the literature of heritage studies and related fields, which builds on Laurajane Smith's work on archaeology and the authorised heritage discourse, but also includes writing on governmentality, phenomenology, kinaesthesia, agency, and material culture. The research design employed a qualitative, interpretivist methodology. Discourse analysis of the evidence gathered from secondary sources, including legislation and policy; and an ethnography of current professional practice in the form of interviews and participant observation, all produced rich findings about heritage, place and practice that are fundamental to understanding the complex issues examined in this study. The main finding that emerges from the research is a refined theory of heritage. I argue that heritage is comprised of three tangible elements: person, performance and place, which create what Māori respondents refer to as the 'Connect', a contemporary Māori heritage practice related to customary concepts. Heritage is the Connect. The research has led to the formulation of a more appropriate trans-cultural, bi-national governance model of heritage. As one of the first sustained pieces of critical analysis of heritage management in New Zealand, this thesis thereby makes a significant academic contribution to critical heritage studies and the history, theory and practice of heritage management in this, and other post-settler nations.</p>

Constructing the Identities of Place: An Exploration of Māori and Archaeological Heritage Practices in Aotearoa New Zealand

<p>This thesis examines a problem in current heritage practice, namely, the statutory management of archaeological sites separately from other heritage places with the consequent loss of many sites of importance to Māori. It explores places and the different meanings and practices of heritage constructed around them by archaeologists and Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand where such questions have not been critically examined in great depth. The study responds to this gap in the literature by setting out to develop a theory of heritage practice that enables the effective translation of peoples' heritage aspirations into a workable model of heritage management in place of the current framework. The research has used an interdisciplinary theoretical framework developed from the literature of heritage studies and related fields, which builds on Laurajane Smith's work on archaeology and the authorised heritage discourse, but also includes writing on governmentality, phenomenology, kinaesthesia, agency, and material culture. The research design employed a qualitative, interpretivist methodology. Discourse analysis of the evidence gathered from secondary sources, including legislation and policy; and an ethnography of current professional practice in the form of interviews and participant observation, all produced rich findings about heritage, place and practice that are fundamental to understanding the complex issues examined in this study. The main finding that emerges from the research is a refined theory of heritage. I argue that heritage is comprised of three tangible elements: person, performance and place, which create what Māori respondents refer to as the 'Connect', a contemporary Māori heritage practice related to customary concepts. Heritage is the Connect. The research has led to the formulation of a more appropriate trans-cultural, bi-national governance model of heritage. As one of the first sustained pieces of critical analysis of heritage management in New Zealand, this thesis thereby makes a significant academic contribution to critical heritage studies and the history, theory and practice of heritage management in this, and other post-settler nations.</p>

Muhammad ‘Afifi Maṭar and the effective influences in his poetry

This study aims to introduce the poet Muhammad Afifi Maṭar through his life and upbringing, because of the importance of forming the personality of the writer and imprinting his qualities. The writer is the son of his environment, affected by it and affects it, and we cannot understand any literature unless we put it in its societal and historical context. It was necessary for the rural environment in which Rain grew up with its simplicity and diversity, and Egypt and the successive major events that it witnessed to cast a shadow on the poet, polish his poetry and sharpen his ideas. The study also aims to identify the most important effective influences in his poetry: poverty, his position on authority, alienation and imprisonment. These influences reflected the nature of political, social, intellectual and cultural life during the historical period in which the poet Muhammad Afifi Maṭar lived. The study relied on more than one method to achieve the desired results. It adopted the historical method in introducing the poet, his life and the most important events he lived through. And the descriptive analytical method to study the effective influences in his poetry by describing and analysing them through models of his poetry. The study reached several results, including: Poet Muhammad Afifi Maṭar was affected by the Egyptian village life, including its customs, traditions and beliefs. He portrayed with great depth and sincerity the suffering of the people of his village from poverty and need. His position on the authority embodied the image of the Arab intellectual in the face of it.

Refinement of the seismicity of construction sites for high-rise buildings

The development of the construction of high-rise residential buildings requires a separate approach, depending on the engineering and geological conditions of the site for seismic microzoning. There are not only engineering sectors but also large premises that will serve as business offices and technical centers in the underground part of high-rise buildings. In this regard, the foundation of the building goes to great depth. The influence of soil conditions at the level of abutment of the buildings’ foundation can be determined with seismic microzoning. As a result, the task of clarifying the projected construction site in construction is currently relevant. It includes the refinement of the seismic intensity of the construction site during the construction of high-rise buildings, which are located in different multilayer soil types.