Mechanism of Biological Control of Preemergence Damping-off of Pea by Seed Treatment withTrichodermaspp.

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lifshitz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Damping Off

Biological control of damping-off of sugar-beet and cotton with Chaetomium globosum or a fluorescent Pseudomonas sp.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Walther ◽  
D. Gindrat
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas

Seed treatment with ascospores of Chaetomium globosum reduced damping-off of sugar-beet caused by seed-borne Phoma betae and soil-borne Pythium ultimum or Rhizoctonia solani in growth chamber experiments. Seed treatment with a fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. controlled Ph. betae and P. ultimum but not R. solani. Coating cotton seeds with ascospores controlled P. ultimum and R. solani damping-off. In some experiments, biological seed treatments were equally or more effective than seed treatment with captan. However, greater variability in disease control occurred with the antagonists than with captan. Fifty percent of freshly harvested ascospores of C. globosum germinated in 8 h on water agar. When ascospores were stored under air-dried conditions for 3 days to 2.5 years, germination increased to > 90%. Under same storage conditions, survival of Pseudomonas sp. was detected after 4 months. Antagonistic activities observed in vitro were hyphal coiling of C. globosum on R. solani, and mycostasis was induced by C. globosum or Pseudomonas sp. on agar and soil. The presumed cause of mycostasis is the diffusible antifungal metabolites which may also be involved in the biological control of damping-off.

scholarly journals Cotton Seedling Preemergence Damping-Off Incited by Rhizopus oryzae and Pythium spp. and Its Biological Control with Trichoderma spp.

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Germination Stimulants ◽  
Infested Field

Planting the cotton cv. Sure-Grow 747 in cotton seedling disease plots during the 2001 growing season resulted in high levels of preemergence damping-off among the seedlings. Four cotton pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, an unidentified Pythium sp., and Rhizopus oryzae, were isolated from diseased seed embryos and seedlings. Disease incited by the Pythium spp. could be controlled by seed treatment with Metalaxyl, but disease incited by R. oryzae could not. Seed treatment with Metalaxyl in naturally infested field soil was only partially effective; therefore, symptoms in 47% of the diseased seedlings could be attributed to R. oryzae. Susceptibility to disease appeared to be related to release in the spermosphere, by the germinating seeds, of compounds that stimulate pathogen propagule germination, because exudates from seed of the suscept Sure-Grow 747 and extracts from wheat bran induced pathogen germination and growth, whereas exudates from resistant cv. Stoneville 213 did not. However, even Stoneville 213 became susceptible when infested soil was amended with wheat bran. Seed treatment with preparations of Trichoderma virens parent, mutant, and hybrid strains gave effective biological control of preemergence damping-off. Disease control was attributable to metabolism by the biocontrol agent of pathogen germination stimulants released by the seed, because amendment of pathogen-infested soil with the propagule germination stimulants in wheat bran negated the protective effect of the seed treatment.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Ethanol Extract of Serratia marcescens is Compatible with Trichoderma Isolates for Control of Damping-off of Cucumber Caused by Pythium ultimum

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Roberts ◽  
Dilip K. Lakshman ◽  
Laurie F. McKenna ◽  
Sarah E. Emche ◽  
Jude E. Maul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Integrated Disease Control ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Environmentally friendly control measures for soilborne plant pathogens are needed that are effective in different soils when applied alone or as components of an integrated disease control strategy. An ethanol extract of Serratia marcescens N4-5, when applied as a cucumber seed treatment, effectively suppressed damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum in potting mix and in a sandy loam soil. Plant stand associated with this treatment was similar to that of seed treated with the chemical pesticide Thiram in the sandy loam soil. The N4-5 ethanol extract did not consistently provide significant disease control in a loam soil. The N4-5 ethanol extract was compatible with two Trichoderma isolates, not affecting in vitro or in situ colonization of cucumber by these biological control fungi. Control of damping-off of cucumber was never diminished when this ethanol extract was applied as a seed treatment in combination with in-furrow application of the Trichoderma isolates, and disease control was improved in certain instances with these combinations in the loam soil. Data presented here indicate that the N4-5 ethanol extract is compatible with certain beneficial fungi, suggesting that this extract can be used as a component of integrated disease control strategies featuring biological control fungi.

scholarly journals Combination of biological control agents and garlic (allium sativum) extract in reducing damping-off disease of tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
VO Dania ◽  
JA Omidiora
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Mortality

Damping-off (Pythium aphanidermatum) is a soil-borne disease which accounts for seedling mortality and significant yield losses in tomato production. Laboratory and screenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017, with a repeated field trial in 2018 to evaluate the efficacy of combining three biological control agents (BCAs), Trichodermaviride, T. harzianumand Bacillus subtilis with Allium sativumextract for the integrated management of the disease in tomato crop. Treatments were laid out in a completely randomized design and randomized complete block design in the screenhouse and field experiments, respectively with eighteen treatments and three replications. The BCAs and extract were formulated and applied using seed treatment and soil sprinkling methods. Treatment combinations of BCAs with A. sativumwere more effective in the reduction of mycelial growth of the pathogen with inhibitory values that ranged between 77.6-91.2% than single inoculation. Seed treatment before planting was more effective than soil sprinkle method, reducing pre-emergence and damping-off incidence to between 6.8-18.3% and 9.7-26.3% under screenhouse and field conditions, respectively than the sprinkling method. Soil sprinkle with T. harzianumin combination with A. sativumextract had the highest cumulative tomato fruit yield of 902 kg/ha-1under field conditions. This study showed that combined application of BCAs and A. sativumextract reduced damping-off disease and thereby improved the fruit yield of tomato. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 553-567, September 2019

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