Auditory event-related potentials differentiate patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and patients with concomitant Alzheimer's disease verified by brain biopsy

Background: Mild cognitive deficits are more likely to occur with increasing age, and become more pronounced for people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Conventional methods to identify cognitive declines (i.e., neuropsychological testing and clinical judgment) can lead to false positive diagnoses of cognitive impairment. Tools such as electroencephalography (EEG) offer additional measures of cognitive processing, indexing the electrophysiological changes associated with aging, MCI and AD. Objective: We reviewed the literature on EEG to determine if auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) could distinguish between healthy aging, MCI, and AD. Method: We searched two electronic databases (Medline and PyscInfo) for articles published between January 2005 and April 2017. Articles were considered for review if they included: i) participants 60 years of age or older; ii) healthy older adults or those diagnosed with MCI or AD; iii) at least one auditory elicited ERP component. Results: Our search revealed 1532 articles (800 after removing duplicates); 719 were excluded through title/abstract review, and of the 81 remaining articles, 30 satisfied inclusion criteria. All studies compared cognitive function between at least two of the three selected populations. Our findings suggest that the P300 and N200 components may distinguish between healthy cognitive aging, MCI, and AD. Conclusion: ERPs may be sensitive to progressive cognitive changes due to MCI and AD. The P300 and N200 may help identify patients who are likely to progress from MCI to AD, and could be a valuable clinical tool.

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The Use of Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.4061/2011/653173 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fabrizio Vecchio ◽

Sara Määttä

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Strategic Role ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Dementing Illness ◽

Early Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Auditory Event Related Potentials

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are important clinical and research instruments in neuropsychiatry, particularly due to their strategic role for the investigation of brain function. These techniques are often underutilized in the evaluation of neurological and psychiatric disorders, but ERPs are noninvasive instruments that directly reflect cortical neuronal activity. Previous studies using the P300, P3a, and MMN components of the ERP to study dementing illness are reviewed. The results suggest that particularly the P300 brain potential is sensitive to Alzheimer's disease processes during its early stages, and that easily performed stimulus discrimination tasks are the clinically most useful. Finally, these data suggest that the P300 ERP can aid in the diagnosis of dementia and may help in the assessment of early Alzheimer's disease.

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P2-113: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and cortical brain biopsy: Concomitant Alzheimer's disease and effect on shunt responsiveness

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.651 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (7S_Part_11) ◽

pp. P526-P527

Author(s):

Harjot Thind ◽

Jody Leonardo ◽

Walter Grand ◽

Lucia L. Balos

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽

Brain Biopsy ◽

Normal Pressure ◽

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

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Elevated CSF LRG and Decreased Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10051105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1105

Author(s):

Aleksi Vanninen ◽

Madoka Nakajima ◽

Masakazu Miyajima ◽

Tuomas Rauramaa ◽

Merja Kokki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽

Brain Biopsy ◽

Normal Pressure ◽

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Shunt Response ◽

T Tau ◽

The Brain

Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glykoprotein (LRG) is suggested as a potential biomarker for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Our goal was to compare the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) LRG levels between 119 iNPH patients and 33 age-matched controls and with the shunt responses and the brain biopsy Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology among the iNPH patients. CSF LRG, Aβ1-42, P-tau181, and T-tau were measured by using commercial ELISAs. The LRG levels in the CSF were significantly increased in the iNPH patients (p < 0.001) as compared to the controls, regardless of the AD pathology. However, CSF LRG did not correlate with the shunt response in contrast to the previous findings. The CSF AD biomarkers, i.e., Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-tau correlated with the brain biopsy AD pathology as expected but were systematically lower in the iNPH patients when compared to the controls (<0.001). Our findings support that the LRG levels in the CSF are potentially useful for the diagnostics of iNPH, independent of the brain AD pathology, but contrary to previous findings, not for predicting the shunt response. Our findings also suggest a need for specific reference values of the CSF AD biomarkers for the diagnostics of comorbid AD pathology in the iNPH patients.

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