Injury to Dorsal Root Ganglia Alters Innervation of Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Lamina Involved in Nociception

Spine ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichiro Nakamura ◽  
Robert R. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal

α2-Adrenergic Receptors in Human Dorsal Root Ganglia

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita R. S. Ongjoco ◽  
Charlene D. Richardson ◽  
Xiaowen L. Rudner ◽  
Mark Stafford-Smith ◽  
Debra A. Schwinn
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal

Background Nonselective alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) agonists (e.g., clonidine) mediate antinociception in part through alpha2ARs in spinal cord dorsal horn; however, use of these agents for analgesia in humans is limited by unwanted sedation and hypotension. The authors previously demonstrated alpha2a approximately alpha2b > > > alpha2c mRNA in human spinal cord dorsal horn cell bodies. However, because 20% of dorsal horn alpha2ARs derive from cell bodies that reside in the associated dorsal root ganglion (DRG), it is important to evaluate alpha2AR expression in this tissue as well. Therefore, the authors evaluated the hypothesis that alpha2b mRNA, alpha2c mRNA, or both are present in human DRG. Methods Molecular approaches were used to determine alpha2AR expression in 28 human DRGs because of low overall receptor mRNA expression and small sample size. After creation of synthetic competitor cDNA and establishment of amplification conditions with parallel efficiencies, competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed using RNA isolated from human DRG. Results Overall expression of alpha2AR mRNA in DRG is low but reproducible at all spinal levels. alpha2b and alpha2cAR subtype mRNAs predominate (alpha2b approximately alpha2c), accounting for more than 95% of the total alpha2AR mRNA in DRG at all human spinal nerve root levels. Conclusions Predominance of alpha2b and alpha2cAR mRNA in human DRG is distinct from alpha2AR mRNA expression in cell bodies originating in human spinal cord dorsal horn, where alpha2a and alpha2b predominate with little or absent alpha2c expression. These findings also highlight species heterogeneity in alpha2AR expression in DRG. If confirmed at a protein level, these findings provide an additional step in unraveling mechanisms involved in complex neural pathways such as those for pain.

The effect of tail-docking neonate piglets on ATF-3 and NR2B immunoreactivity in coccygeal dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn neurons: Preliminary data

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
D.A. Sandercock ◽  
A. Monteiro ◽  
E.M. Scott ◽  
A.M. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ◽  
Neuronal Regeneration ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Dorsal Horn Neurons ◽  
Tail Docking

AbstractBackground/aimsTail docking neonatal piglets remains a controversial animal welfare issue. Although banned in the UK, it is widely practiced in many countries as a safeguard against tail biting among pigs reared in intensive systems. Concerns exist whether tail docking can induce chronic pain in later life. This preliminary study examined the effects of partial tail amputation on activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a marker of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration and NMDA-glutamate receptor NR2B subunit which participates in the mediation of chronic pain.MethodsProcedures were performed according to the ethical guidelines for the study of experimental pain in animals. Six piglets (2–3 days old) were tail-docked (a portion of the tail amputated with sterile surgical cutters), six piglets (2–3 days old) were sham-docked. Three animals from each treatment were euthanised 7 and 56 days post-amputation. Coccygeal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord were collected post-mortem for immunohistochemistry.ResultsATF3 immunoreactivity (IR) was significantly increased (p <0.05) in the DRG neurons from tail-docked piglets 7 days after tail amputation, compared with sham-docked piglets. ATF3-IR was not different in sham and tail-docked piglets 56 days post amputation. NR2B-IR was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in dorsal horn neurons in tail-docked piglets compared with intact piglets 7 days after docking. There was no difference in NR2B-IR in neurons 56 days post amputation, compared with intact piglets.ConclusionsIncreased ATF3 and NR2B-IR 7 days after tail-docking suggests that injury to the peripheral nerves in the tail was sufficient to trigger neuronal regeneration and altered dorsal horn signaling respectively, however the effects of tail-docking on neuronal regeneration and nociceptive signaling were relatively short lasting. Tail-docking neonatal piglets does not cause sustained changes in ATF3, which might suggest ongoing nerve fibre damage and NR2B which might be implicated in chronic pain.

358 UP-REGULATION OF MICRORNA-16 IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION AND SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. S158-S159
Author(s):  
R. Kusuda ◽  
S. Zanon ◽  
T. Amaral E. Souza ◽  
F. Cadetti ◽  
N. Zanon-Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal

scholarly journals Progressive Increase of Inflammatory CXCR4 and TNF-Alpha in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord Maintains Peripheral and Central Sensitization to Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Tingting Fan ◽  
Xinyue Huo ◽  
Jian Cui ◽  
Chi Wai Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ◽  
Peripheral Sensitization ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common and serious complication of diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of DNP is largely unclear. The proinflammation proteins, CXCR4, and TNF-α play critical roles in the development of pain, while their relative roles in the development of DNP and especially its progression is unknown. We proposed that establishment of diabetic pain models in rodents and evaluating the stability of behavioral tests are necessary approaches to better understand the mechanism of DNP. In this study, Von Frey and Hargreaves Apparatus was used to analyze the behavioral changes of mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at different phases of diabetes. Moreover, CXCR4 and TNF-α of spinal cord dorsal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were detected by western blotting and immunostaining over time. The values of paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latencies (PWL) were reduced as early as 1 week in diabetic rats and persistently maintained at lower levels during the progression of diabetes as compared to control rats that were concomitant with significant increases of both CXCR4 and TNF-α protein expressions in the DRG at 2 weeks and 5 weeks (the end of the experiments) of diabetes. By contrast, CXCR4 and TNF-α in the spinal cord dorsal horn did not significantly increase at 2 weeks of diabetes while both were significantly upregulated at 5 weeks of diabetes. The results indicate that central sensitization of spinal cord dorsal may result from persistent peripheral sensitization and suggest a potential reference for further treatment of DNP.

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