IMMUNE FUNCTION IS MORE COMPROMISED AFTER SOFTTISSUE TRAUMA. BONE FRACTURE AND HEMORRHAGE THAN TISSUE TRAUMA OR BONY INJURY ALONE WITH HEMORRHAGE.

Although studies have indicated that hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation produces hepatic damage by mechanisms involving adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and hepatocytes, it is not known if there is any difference in the extent of hepatic damage following bone fracture, soft tissue trauma, and hemorrhage (Fx-TH) between young and middle-aged animals. To study this, young (6–8 wk) and middle-aged (∼12 mo) C3H/HeN male mice were subjected to a right lower leg fracture, soft tissue trauma, (i.e., midline laparotomy), and hemorrhage (blood withdrawal to decrease the blood pressure to 35 ± 5 mmHg for 90 min) followed by resuscitation with four times the shed blood volume in the form of lactated Ringer solution. Mice were euthanized 24 h later, and liver tissues were harvested. Total bilirubin levels in the hepatocyte extract increased markedly following Fx-TH in both groups of mice; however, the increase in middle-aged mice was significantly higher compared with young mice. TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the hepatocyte extract following Fx-TH increased significantly in middle-aged mice but remained unchanged in young mice. IL-10 levels significantly decreased in middle-aged mice following Fx-TH but remained unchanged in young mice. Kupffer cells from middle-aged mice produced significantly higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels compared with young mice. Protein levels and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in hepatocytes were also significantly higher in middle-aged mice compared with young mice following Fx-TH. These results collectively suggest that the extent of hepatic damage following Fx-TH is dependent on the age of the subject.

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Nasal bone fracture timely interventon is a need

Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.3329/bjo.v19i1.12066 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 11-13

Author(s):

KN Manjunath

Keyword(s):

Bone Fracture ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Cost Of Treatment ◽

Bone Deformity ◽

The Face ◽

Bony Injury ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Soft Tissue Changes ◽

The Cost

Nose is acentral projection in the face with fragile skeleton. A trivial trauma canose is acentral projection in the face with fragile skeleton. A trivial trauma can result in a significant deformity. Although majority suffer a bony injury, overlying swelling masks the deformity. If such deformity is not identified and intervened, it can lead to soft tissue changes as well as bone deformity, which may require septoplasty or rhinoplasty later hence in nasal bone fracture intervention in the timely manner is a must to reduce the long term morbidity and the cost of treatment result in a significant deformity. Although majority suffer a bony injury, overlying swelling masks the deformity. If such deformity is not identified and intervened, it can lead to soft tissue changes as well as bone deformity, which may require septoplasty or rhinoplasty later hence in nasal bone fracture intervention in the timely manner is a must to reduce the long term morbidity and the cost of treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.12066 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 11-13

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Male sex steroids are responsible for depressing macrophage immune function after trauma-hemorrhage

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.4.c1335 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 273 (4) ◽

pp. C1335-C1340 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Matthias W. Wichmann ◽

Alfred Ayala ◽

Irshad H. Chaudry

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

Cell Function ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Cytokine Release ◽

Soft Tissue Trauma ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Significant Depression ◽

Male Sex ◽

Tissue Trauma ◽

Androgen Depletion

Recent studies suggest beneficial effects of castration before soft tissue trauma and hemorrhagic shock on splenocyte immune functions. Nonetheless, it remains unknown whether this effect of testosterone depletion is limited to splenocytes or is a generalized effect on immune function. The present study was therefore carried out to determine whether androgen depletion before trauma-hemorrhage also has salutary effects on splenic and peritoneal macrophage as well as on Kupffer cell function, as indicated by interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 release. Male C3H/HeN mice were castrated or sham-castrated 2 wk before the experiment and were killed at 24 h after trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation. Significant depression of macrophage IL-1 and IL-6 release was only observed in sham-castrated mice, as opposed to normal levels of cytokine release from castrated animals after trauma-hemorrhage. In addition, only sham-castrated animals showed significantly increased levels of IL-6 release from Kupffer cells, which is believed to contribute to the systemic inflammatory response to trauma-hemorrhage. These observations suggest that the beneficial effects of androgen depletion before trauma-hemorrhage are not limited to splenocyte immune functions but are more global in nature. These results in surgically castrated animals suggest that androgen-blocking agents should be studied for their potential to reverse the immunodepression associated with trauma-hemorrhage.

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