scholarly journals Brain potentials to sexually suggestive whistles show meaning modulates the mismatch negativity

Neuroreport ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1313-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Frangos ◽  
Walter Ritter ◽  
David Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Brain Potentials

scholarly journals Learning two languages from birth shapes pre-attentive processing of vowel categories: Electrophysiological correlates of vowel discrimination in monolinguals and simultaneous bilinguals

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONIKA MOLNAR ◽  
LINDA POLKA ◽  
SHARI BAUM ◽  
KARSTEN STEINHAUER
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Native Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canadian English ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Vowel Perception ◽  
Canadian French ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Vowel Categories

Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we measured pre-attentive processing involved in native vowel perception as reflected by the mismatch negativity (MMN) in monolingual and simultaneous bilingual (SB) users of Canadian English and Canadian French in response to various pairings of four vowels: English /u/, French /u/, French /y/, and a control /y/. The monolingual listeners exhibited a discrimination pattern that was shaped by their native language experience. The SB listeners, on the other hand, exhibited a MMN pattern that was distinct from both monolingual listener groups, suggesting that the SB pre-attentive system is tuned to access sub-phonemic detail with respect to both input languages, including detail that is not readily accessed by either of their monolingual peers. Additionally, simultaneous bilinguals exhibited sensitivity to language context generated by the standard vowel in the MMN paradigm. The automatic access to fine phonetic detail may aid SB listeners to rapidly adjust their perception to the variable listening conditions that they frequently encounter.

The Role of Large-Scale Memory Organization in the Mismatch Negativity Event-Related Brain Potential

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Winkler ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
Nelson Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Auditory Sequence ◽  
Presentation Condition ◽  
Sound Sequence ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event-related brain potentials is elicited by infrequent changes in regular acoustic sequences even if the participant is not actively listening to the sound sequence. Therefore, the MMN is assumed to result from a preattentive process in which an incoming sound is checked against the automatically detected regularities of the auditory sequence and is found to violate them. For example, presenting a discriminably different (deviant) sound within the sequence of a repetitive (standard) sound elicits the MMN. In the present article, we tested whether the memory organization of the auditory sequence can affect the preattentive change detection indexed by the MMN. In Experiment 1, trains of six standard tones were presented with a short, 0.5-sec stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between tones in the train. This was followed by a variable SOA between the last standard and the deviant tone (the “irregular presentation” condition). Of 12 participants displaying an MMN at the 0.5-sec predeviant SOA, it was elicited by 11 with the 2-sec predeviant SOA, in 5 participants with the 7-sec SOA, and in none with the 10-sec SOA. In Experiment 2, we repeated the 7-sec irregular predeviant SOA condition, along with a “regular presentation” condition in which the SOA between any two tones was 7 sec. MMN was elicited in about half of the participants (9 out of 16) in the irregular presentation condition, whereas in the regular presentation condition, MMN was elicited in all participants. These results cannot be explained on the basis of memory-strength decay but can be interpreted in terms of automatic, auditory preperceptual grouping principles. In the irregular presentation condition, the close grouping of standards may cause them to become irrelevant to the mismatch process when the deviant tone is presented after a long silent break. Because the MMN indexes preattentive auditory processing, the present results provide evidence that large-scale preperceptual organization of auditory events occurs despite attention being directed away from the auditory stimuli.

scholarly journals Auditory representations for long lasting sounds: Insights from neural oscillations and event-related brain potentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annekathrin Weise ◽  
Sabine Grimm ◽  
Johanna M. Rimmele ◽  
Erich Schröger
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Temporal Constraint ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Complex Sounds ◽  
Auditory Representation ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Temporal Windows

Numerous studies revealed that the sound’s basic features like its frequency and intensity including their temporal dynamics are integrated in a unitary representation. That research focused on short, discrete sounds and mainly disregarded how our brain processes long lasting sounds. We review research utilizing the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) event-related potential and neural oscillatory activity for studying representations for long lasting simple sounds such as sinusoidal tones and complex sounds like speech. We report evidence for a critical temporal constraint for the formation of adequate representations for sounds lasting >350 ms. However, we present research showing that the time-variant characteristics (auditory edges) within long lasting sounds exceeding 350 ms enables the formation of auditory representations. We argue that each edge may open an integration window for a sound representation and that the representations established in adjacent temporal windows of integration can be concatenated into an auditory representation of a long sound.

scholarly journals Neurobiological Evidence for Abstract Phonological Representations in the Mental Lexicon during Speech Recognition

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Eulitz ◽  
Aditi Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Detection Response ◽  
The Brain

A central issue in speech recognition is how contrastive phonemic information is stored in the mental lexicon. The conventional view assumes that this information is closely related to acoustic properties of speech. Considering that no word is ever pronounced alike twice and that the brain has limited capacities to manage information, an opposing view proposes abstract underspecified representations where not all phonemic features are stored. We examined this proposal using event-related brain potentials, in particular mismatch negativity (MMN), an automatic change detection response in the brain that is sensitive to language-specific phoneme representations. In the current study, vowel pairs were presented to subjects, reversed as standard and deviant. Models not assuming underspecification predict equal MMNs for vowel pairs regardless of the reversal. In contrast, enhanced and earlier MMNs were observed for those conditions where the standard is not phonologically underspecified in the mental representation. This provides the first neurobiological evidence for a featurally underspecified mental lexicon.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Evoked Responses and Event-Related Brain Potentials in

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tian Wang ◽  
G. Bryan Young ◽  
John F. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Optimal Prediction ◽  
Prediction Of Outcome ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Electrophysiological Tests ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Cognitive Event

The behaviourally unresponsive patient, unable to exhibit the presence of cognition, constitutes a conundrum for health care specialists. Prognostic uncertainty impedes accurate management decisions and the application of ethical principles. An early, reliable prognosis is highly desirable. In this review investigations studying comatose patients with coma of different etiologies were selected. It is concluded that objective prognostication is enhanced by the use of electrophysiological tests. Persistent abnormalities of brainstem auditory evoked potentials and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials reliably indicate the likelihood of irreversible neurological deficit or death. Meanwhile, the presence of “cognitive” event-related brain potentials (e.g., P300 and mismatch negativity) reflects the functional integrity of higher level information processing and, therefore, the likelihood of capacity for cognition. An approach that combines clinical and electrophysiological values provides optimal prediction of outcome and level of disability.

Cognitive Electrophysiology of Language

2018 ◽  
pp. 929-954
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Urbach ◽  
Marta Kutas
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Historical Landscape ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Sensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Sensory Evoked ◽  
Human Electroencephalogram

This chapter introduces psycholinguists to how neurally generated electrical potentials recorded at the scalp—the human electroencephalogram or EEG—have been and may be used to investigate language in real-time. Event-related brain potential (ERP) language research is situated in the historical landscape of electroencephalography and the emergence of cognitive electrophysiology. There are many different brain potentials associated with covert processes from sensation to cognition to motor responses that inevitably co-occur with language processes of interest to the psycholinguist. A selective review of these describes some that are common in psycholinguistic research (N400, P600, and anterior negativities: LAN, eLAN, nRef) as well as others of importance (sensory evoked potentials; mismatch negativity, MMN; contingent negative variation, CNV; P300). This diversity of potentials can confound interpretation of ERP results if overlooked or, as illustrated by some vignettes, serve to answer clear questions about language acquisition, processing, learning, production, and loss.

scholarly journals Mismatch Negativity responses to early-acquired sounds in children with speech sound disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alycia Erin Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Phonological Representations

To examine whether children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have sparsely specified phonological representations, the present study recorded neural responses to early-acquired speech sounds in children with SSD and their typically developing controls (ages 4-6 years). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while children listened to speech syllables containing two early-acquired sounds: /b/ and /d/. While both the typically developing (TD) children and children with SSD demonstrated Mismatch Negativity (MMN) responses, the responses of the TD children were significantly larger. The identification of the smaller MMN responses suggests that children with SSD may have less specified phonological representations, which may impact their ability to correctly produce speech sounds. In addition, when all of the children’s data were pooled together, the MMN responses were strongly correlated with measures of speech production. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the MMN reflects acoustic-phonetic processing, which appears to be less developed in children with SSD.

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