Representation of the standard: Stimulus context effects on the process generating the mismatch negativity component of event-related brain potentials

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse Sussman ◽  
Karen Sheridan ◽  
Judith Kreuzer ◽  
Istvan Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Context ◽  
Brain Potentials

Weighting of Amplitude and Formant Rise Time Cues by School-Aged Children: A Mismatch Negativity Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1322-1333
Author(s):  
Varghese Peter ◽  
Marina Kalashnikova ◽  
Denis Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Rise Time ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Deviant Stimulus ◽  
Cue Weighting ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Optimal Weights

Purpose An important skill in the development of speech perception is to apply optimal weights to acoustic cues so that phonemic information is recovered from speech with minimum effort. Here, we investigated the development of acoustic cue weighting of amplitude rise time (ART) and formant rise time (FRT) cues in children as measured by mismatch negativity (MMN). Method Twelve adults and 36 children aged 6–12 years listened to a /ba/–/wa/ contrast in an oddball paradigm in which the standard stimulus had the ART and FRT cues of /ba/. In different blocks, the deviant stimulus had either the ART or FRT cues of /wa/. Results The results revealed that children younger than 10 years were sensitive to both ART and FRT cues whereas 10- to 12-year-old children and adults were sensitive only to FRT cues. Moreover, children younger than 10 years generated a positive mismatch response, whereas older children and adults generated MMN. Conclusion These results suggest that preattentive adultlike weighting of ART and FRT cues is attained only by 10 years of age and accompanies the change from mismatch response to the more mature MMN response. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6207608

Auditory Mismatch Negativity and P300a Elicited by the “Optimal” Multi-feature Paradigm in Early Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek J. Fisher ◽  
Debra J. Campbell ◽  
Shelagh C. Abriel ◽  
Emma M. L. Ells ◽  
Erica D. Rudolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Stimulus Context ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Change Detection

The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an EEG-derived event-related potential (ERP) elicited by any violation of a predicted auditory “rule,” regardless of whether one is attending to the stimuli and is thought to reflect updating of the stimulus context. Redirection of attention toward a rare, distracting stimulus event, however, can be measured by the subsequent P3a component of the P300. Chronic schizophrenia patients exhibit robust MMN deficits, as well as reductions in P3a amplitude. While, the substantial literature on the MMN in first-episode and early phase schizophrenia in this population reports reduced amplitudes, there also exist several contradictory studies. Conversely, P3a reduction in this population is relatively consistent, although the literature investigating this is small. The primary goal of this study was to contribute to our understanding of whether auditory change detection mechanisms are altered in early phase schizophrenia and, if so, under what conditions. Event-related potentials elicited by duration, frequency, gap, intensity, and location deviants (as elicited by the “optimal” multi-feature paradigm) were recorded in 14 early phase schizophrenia (EP) patients and 17 healthy controls (HCs). Electrical activity was recorded from 15 scalp electrodes. MMN/P3a amplitudes and latencies for each deviant were compared between groups and were correlated with clinical measures in EPs. There were no significant group differences for MMN amplitudes or latencies, though EPs did exhibit reduced P3a amplitudes to gap and duration deviants. Furthermore, PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) positive symptom scores were correlated with intensity MMN latencies and duration P3a amplitudes in EPs. These findings suggest that MMNs may not be as robustly reduced in early phase schizophrenia (relative to chronic illness), but that alterations may be more likely in patients with increased positive symptomatology. Furthermore, these findings offer further support to previous work suggesting that the understudied P3a may have good complementary utility as a marker of early cortical dysfunction in psychosis.

scholarly journals Brain potentials to sexually suggestive whistles show meaning modulates the mismatch negativity

Neuroreport ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1313-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Frangos ◽  
Walter Ritter ◽  
David Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Brain Potentials

Context Effects on Pitch Perception in Musicians and Nonmusicians: Evidence from Event-Related-Potential Recordings

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Brattico ◽  
Risto Näääätäänen ◽  
Mari Tervaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Context Condition ◽  
Pitch Change ◽  
Familiar Condition ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Musical Context

Behavioral evidence indicates that musical context facilitates pitch discrimination. In the present study, we sought to determine whether pitch context and its familiarity might affect brain responses to pitch change even at the preattentive level. Ten musicians and 10 nonmusicians, while concentrating on reading a book, were presented with sound stimuli that had an infrequent (p = 15%) pitch shift of 144 Hz. In the familiar condition, the infrequent third-position deviant changed the mode (major vs. minor) of the five-tone pattern. In the unfamiliar condition, patterns were formed from five arithmetically determined tone frequencies, the deviant not causing any change of mode. The no-context condition included only third-position tones. All deviants elicited the change-specific mismatch negativity component of the event-related potentials in both groups of subjects. In both musicians and nonmusicians, pitch change in the familiar condition evoked larger mismatch negativity amplitude than the change in the unfamiliar condition and, correspondingly, larger mismatch negativity in the unfamiliar condition than in the no-context condition. This suggests that preattentive pitch-change processing is generally enhanced in a familiar context. Moreover, the latency of the mismatch negativity was shorter for musicians than for nonmusicians in both the familiar and unfamiliar conditions, whereas no difference between groups was observed in the no-context condition. This finding indicates that, in response to sequential structured sound events, the auditory system reacts faster in musicians than in nonmusicians.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term habituation of auditory event-related potentials in the rat

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Kestutis Gurevicius ◽  
Arto Lipponen ◽  
Rimante Minkeviciene ◽  
Heikki Tanila
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Related Potentials

An auditory oddball paradigm in humans generates a long-duration cortical negative potential, often referred to as mismatch negativity. Similar negativity has been documented in monkeys and cats, but it is controversial whether mismatch negativity also exists in awake rodents. To this end, we recorded cortical and hippocampal evoked responses in rats during alert immobility under a typical passive oddball paradigm that yields mismatch negativity in humans. The standard stimulus was a 9 kHz tone and the deviant either 7 or 11 kHz tone in the first condition. We found no evidence of a sustained potential shift when comparing evoked responses to standard and deviant stimuli. Instead, we found repetition-induced attenuation of the P60 component of the combined evoked response in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. The attenuation extended over three days of recording and disappeared after 20 intervening days of rest. Reversal of the standard and deviant tones resulted is a robust enhancement of the N40 component not only in the cortex but also in the hippocampus. Responses to standard and deviant stimuli were affected similarly. Finally, we tested the effect of scopolamine in this paradigm. Scopolamine attenuated cortical N40 and P60 as well as hippocampal P60 components, but had no specific effect on the deviant response. We conclude that in an oddball paradigm the rat demonstrates repetition-induced attenuation of mid-latency responses, which resembles attenuation of the N1-component of human auditory evoked potential, but no mismatch negativity.

Event-related brain potential (ERP) studies of sentence processing

2007 ◽  
pp. 384-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kutas ◽  
Kara D. Federmeier
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Ion Flow ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Language

The intact human brain is the only known system that can interpret and respond to various visual and acoustic patterns. Therefore, unlike researchers of other cognitive phenomena, (neuro)psycholinguists cannot avail themselves of invasive techniques in non-human animals to uncover the responsible mechanisms in the large parts of the (human) brain that have been implicated in language processing. Engagement of these different anatomical areas does, however, generate distinct patterns of biological activity (such as ion flow across neural membranes) that can be recorded inside and outside the heads of humans as they quickly, often seamlessly, and without much conscious reflection on the computations and linguistic regularities involved, understand spoken, written, or signed sentences. This article summarizes studies of event-related brain potentials and sentence processing. It discusses electrophysiology, language and the brain, processing language meaning, context effects in meaning processing, non-literal language processing, processing language form, parsing, slow potentials and the closure positive shift, and plasticity and learning.

scholarly journals Learning two languages from birth shapes pre-attentive processing of vowel categories: Electrophysiological correlates of vowel discrimination in monolinguals and simultaneous bilinguals

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONIKA MOLNAR ◽  
LINDA POLKA ◽  
SHARI BAUM ◽  
KARSTEN STEINHAUER
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Native Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canadian English ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Vowel Perception ◽  
Canadian French ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Vowel Categories

Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we measured pre-attentive processing involved in native vowel perception as reflected by the mismatch negativity (MMN) in monolingual and simultaneous bilingual (SB) users of Canadian English and Canadian French in response to various pairings of four vowels: English /u/, French /u/, French /y/, and a control /y/. The monolingual listeners exhibited a discrimination pattern that was shaped by their native language experience. The SB listeners, on the other hand, exhibited a MMN pattern that was distinct from both monolingual listener groups, suggesting that the SB pre-attentive system is tuned to access sub-phonemic detail with respect to both input languages, including detail that is not readily accessed by either of their monolingual peers. Additionally, simultaneous bilinguals exhibited sensitivity to language context generated by the standard vowel in the MMN paradigm. The automatic access to fine phonetic detail may aid SB listeners to rapidly adjust their perception to the variable listening conditions that they frequently encounter.

Human Visual System Automatically Encodes Sequential Regularities of Discrete Events

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Kimura ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
István Czigler ◽  
Hideki Ohira
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Discrete Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Automatic Encoding ◽  
Automatic Memory

For our adaptive behavior in a dynamically changing environment, an essential task of the brain is to automatically encode sequential regularities inherent in the environment into a memory representation. Recent studies in neuroscience have suggested that sequential regularities embedded in discrete sensory events are automatically encoded into a memory representation at the level of the sensory system. This notion is largely supported by evidence from investigations using auditory mismatch negativity (auditory MMN), an event-related brain potential (ERP) correlate of an automatic memory-mismatch process in the auditory sensory system. However, it is still largely unclear whether or not this notion can be generalized to other sensory modalities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of the visual sensory system to the automatic encoding of sequential regularities using visual mismatch negativity (visual MMN), an ERP correlate of an automatic memory-mismatch process in the visual sensory system. To this end, we conducted a sequential analysis of visual MMN in an oddball sequence consisting of infrequent deviant and frequent standard stimuli, and tested whether the underlying memory representation of visual MMN generation contains only a sensory memory trace of standard stimuli (trace-mismatch hypothesis) or whether it also contains sequential regularities extracted from the repetitive standard sequence (regularity-violation hypothesis). The results showed that visual MMN was elicited by first deviant (deviant stimuli following at least one standard stimulus), second deviant (deviant stimuli immediately following first deviant), and first standard (standard stimuli immediately following first deviant), but not by second standard (standard stimuli immediately following first standard). These results are consistent with the regularity-violation hypothesis, suggesting that the visual sensory system automatically encodes sequential regularities. In combination with a wide range of auditory MMN studies, the present study highlights the critical role of sensory systems in automatically encoding sequential regularities when modeling the world.

The Role of Large-Scale Memory Organization in the Mismatch Negativity Event-Related Brain Potential

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Winkler ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
Nelson Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Auditory Sequence ◽  
Presentation Condition ◽  
Sound Sequence ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event-related brain potentials is elicited by infrequent changes in regular acoustic sequences even if the participant is not actively listening to the sound sequence. Therefore, the MMN is assumed to result from a preattentive process in which an incoming sound is checked against the automatically detected regularities of the auditory sequence and is found to violate them. For example, presenting a discriminably different (deviant) sound within the sequence of a repetitive (standard) sound elicits the MMN. In the present article, we tested whether the memory organization of the auditory sequence can affect the preattentive change detection indexed by the MMN. In Experiment 1, trains of six standard tones were presented with a short, 0.5-sec stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between tones in the train. This was followed by a variable SOA between the last standard and the deviant tone (the “irregular presentation” condition). Of 12 participants displaying an MMN at the 0.5-sec predeviant SOA, it was elicited by 11 with the 2-sec predeviant SOA, in 5 participants with the 7-sec SOA, and in none with the 10-sec SOA. In Experiment 2, we repeated the 7-sec irregular predeviant SOA condition, along with a “regular presentation” condition in which the SOA between any two tones was 7 sec. MMN was elicited in about half of the participants (9 out of 16) in the irregular presentation condition, whereas in the regular presentation condition, MMN was elicited in all participants. These results cannot be explained on the basis of memory-strength decay but can be interpreted in terms of automatic, auditory preperceptual grouping principles. In the irregular presentation condition, the close grouping of standards may cause them to become irrelevant to the mismatch process when the deviant tone is presented after a long silent break. Because the MMN indexes preattentive auditory processing, the present results provide evidence that large-scale preperceptual organization of auditory events occurs despite attention being directed away from the auditory stimuli.

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