scholarly journals Suppressive effects of an apoptotic mimicry prepared from jumbo-flying squid-skin phospholipids on the osteoclastogenesis in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced RAW 264.7 cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Yi-Feng Kao ◽  
Ming-Chieh Tu ◽  
Huey-Jine Chai ◽  
Yi-Ling Lin ◽  
Yi-Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Jumbo Flying Squid

scholarly journals Efficiency of Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Osteoporosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammad Mazhar Uddin ◽  
Aatera Haq ◽  
Haris Sheikh ◽  
Uzair Yaqoob ◽  
Bushra Zafar Sayeed
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Estrogen therapy has been taken as a settled approach for both prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, especially in post-menopausal women as well as for the treatment of symptoms associated with menopause. Recent studies suggest that nuclear factor kappa-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B/osteoprotegerin system plays a signi cant role in osteoclastic activity regulation, with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand signaling in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor leading to increase in osteoclastic differentiation and functioning while osteoprotegerin neutralizing receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. Estrogen acts by increasing osteoprotegerin levels, and decreasing macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, thereby reducing bone resorption. Furthermore, estrogen is also known to be causing increased calcium absorption through gut and kidneys. The use of estrogen therapy in patients of osteoporosis is also considered to be highly cost effective. On the negative side, studies have shown that oral estrogen therapy can lead to complications like cholelithiasis, thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism, the most detrimental being endometrial cancer. But studies have shown that it can be virtually eliminated with the addition of progesterone in the cyclic combined regimen. Majority of bene cial effects occur with long term use of estrogen therapy, but the compliance by most of women appears to be poor and is usually due to lack of awareness, misconceptions, advice of physician and phobia of side effects. Additional studies should therefore be conducted to evaluate in detail the causes of non-compliance and strategies to improve compliance. The bene t of quality of life improvement with estrogen therapy should be taken into account and further evaluated via studies.

scholarly journals Circulating levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin/macrophage-colony stimulating factor in a presumably healthy human population

2004 ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Trofimov ◽  
Ia Pantsulaia ◽  
E Kobyliansky ◽  
G Livshits
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappab ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

OBJECTIVES: To determine the ranges of variation of circulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG)/macrophage-colony stimulating factor(M-CSF) and to ascertain their potential relationships with age, sex and menopausal status in women, and with sex hormones in a population-based healthy cohort. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected with EDTA after an overnight fast. The plasma levels of each of the above biochemical indices were measured by ELISA in a total of 566 apparently healthy individuals aged 18-75 years. RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of cytokine molecules in the entire sample ranged from 674 to 4929 pg/ml for OPG, from 105 to 4468 pg/ml for soluble RANKL (sRANKL), and from 187 to 7604 pg/ml for M-CSF. The OPG levels demonstrated a clear positive correlation with age in both sexes (r=0.42 and 0.43, P<0.001, for men and women respectively). Application of the two-interval mathematical model revealed that in females OPG levels were age-independent until age 42, but then showed clear and significant correlation with age (r=0.48, P<0.001). As a result, young females (before 42 years) had a substantially lower average OPG level, 1377.8+/-327.68 pg/ml, in comparison with older women, 1666.02+/-397.14 pg/ml. The M-CSF correlation with age was significantly greater in women (r=0.29, P<0.001) compared with men (r=0.17, P<0.01). Significant negative correlations between plasma levels of both OPG and M-CSF with estradiol concentrations were observed in women (r=-0.39, P<0.01; r=-0.25, P<0.001 respectively). sRANKL did not correlate with either age or sex hormones in either women or men. CONCLUSION: Age and sex affect differently the interindividual variation of OPG, RANKL and M-CSF. Our observations could form the basis for further research to establish provisional reference limits for OPG and RANKL, which are potential markers for benign and malignant processes in bone.

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