Long Acellular Nerve Allografts Cap Transected Nerve to Arrest Axon Regeneration and Alter Upstream Gene Expression in a Rat Neuroma Model

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Pan ◽  
Miles Bichanich ◽  
Ian S. Wood ◽  
Daniel A. Hunter ◽  
Scott M. Tintle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Upstream Gene

Influence of two kinds of SV40 poly (A) signals on upstream gene expression

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-633
Author(s):  
Bing HOU ◽  
Hua-jun JIN ◽  
Wen-chao LIU ◽  
Qi-jun QIAN ◽  
Sai-qun LU
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Upstream Gene

scholarly journals CELF RNA binding proteins promote axon regeneration in C. elegans and mammals through alternative splicing of Syntaxins

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Chen ◽  
Zhijie Liu ◽  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Chaoliang Wei ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mrna Targets

Axon injury triggers dramatic changes in gene expression. While transcriptional regulation of injury-induced gene expression is widely studied, less is known about the roles of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in post-transcriptional regulation during axon regeneration. In C. elegans the CELF (CUGBP and Etr-3 Like Factor) family RBP UNC-75 is required for axon regeneration. Using crosslinking immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing (CLIP-seq) we identify a set of genes involved in synaptic transmission as mRNA targets of UNC-75. In particular, we show that UNC-75 regulates alternative splicing of two mRNA isoforms of the SNARE Syntaxin/unc-64. In C. elegans mutants lacking unc-75 or its targets, regenerating axons form growth cones, yet are deficient in extension. Extending these findings to mammalian axon regeneration, we show that mouse Celf2 expression is upregulated after peripheral nerve injury and that Celf2 mutant mice are defective in axon regeneration. Further, mRNAs for several Syntaxins show CELF2 dependent regulation. Our data delineate a post-transcriptional regulatory pathway with a conserved role in regenerative axon extension.

scholarly journals Knocking out non-muscle myosin II in retinal ganglion cells promotes long-distance optic nerve regeneration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Wei Wang ◽  
Shu-Guang Yang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Jin-Jin Ma ◽  
Yingchi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Optic Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Cytoskeletal Dynamics

AbstractIn addition to altered gene expression, pathological cytoskeletal dynamics in the axon are another key intrinsic barrier for axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we showed that knocking out myosin IIA/B in retinal ganglion cells alone either before or after optic nerve crush induced marked and sustained optic nerve regeneration. Combined Lin28 overexpression and myosin IIA/B knockout led to synergistic promoting effect and long-distance axon regeneration. Immunostaining, RNA-seq and western blot analyses revealed that myosin II deletion did not affect known axon regeneration signaling pathways or the expression of regeneration associated genes. Instead, it abolished the retraction bulb formation and significantly enhanced the axon extension efficiency. The study provided clear evidence that directly targeting neuronal cytoskeleton was sufficient to induce strong CNS axon regeneration, and combining gene expression in the soma and modified cytoskeletal dynamics in the axon was a promising approach for long-distance CNS axon regeneration.

scholarly journals Topological Constraints on Noise Propagation in Gene Regulatory Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Mahajan ◽  
Abhyudai Singh ◽  
Roy Dar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Gene Regulatory Networks ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Connected Components ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
Noise Propagation ◽  
Upstream Gene ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Gene expression, the production of protein from DNA and mRNA in the biological cell, is inherently stochastic. Cells with identical DNA exhibit fluctuations or 'noise' in gene expression. This noise propagates over gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which encode gene-gene interactions. The propagated 'extrinsic' noise interacts and combines with 'intrinsic' noise to affect biological decisions. Consequently, it is essential to understand how GRN topology affects total noise. Recently, uncertainty principles were established for noise propagation over GRN. In particular, in ring GRNs, exactly one node can have noise reduction below the intrinsic limit. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for noise reduction in ring GRN. Specifically, for two- and three-node rings, an odd number of negative regulations is necessary for noise reduction. Further, sufficiency is ensured if sensitivities to input for feedforward and feedback regulations are bounded from below and above, respectively. These constraints are valid even if the ring GRN are regulated by an upstream gene. Finally, we use graph theory to decompose noise propagation in a general directed network over its strongly connected components. The combination of graph theory and stochastic processes may be a general framework for studying noise propagation.

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