An internal conversion coefficient for the outermost electron shell in xenon

1957 ◽  
Vol 242 (1230) ◽  
pp. 400-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Theoretical Estimate ◽  
Electron Shell ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficient ◽  
A Value ◽  
Charge Spectrum ◽  
Radiation Probability ◽  
Singly Charged ◽  
Charged Ions

The observed intensity of the singly charged ions in the charge spectrum produced by the isomeric decay of 12-day 131 Xe is used in conjunction with a theoretical estimate of the radiation probability of the (5 p –1 s ) X-ray transition in the K series of xenon, to yield a value for the internal conversion coefficient of the 163 keV γ -ray in the 5 p shell. The value so obtained is 0∙21 ± 0∙03.

Ionization following internal conversion in xenon

1957 ◽  
Vol 241 (1225) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Electron Shell ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Magnetic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Ionization ◽  
Charge Spectrum ◽  
Nuclear Transitions ◽  
Singly Charged ◽  
Charged Ions

The predominant internal conversion accompanying the decay of 12-day 131 Xe m from its metastable nuclear level to its stable ground state usually leaves the atoms in states of high multiple ionization, even though only a single primary electron vacancy is created in the initial process. The differential charge spectrum of the ions has been measured by the methods of magnetic analysis. Only 0.62 ± 0.08% of the decays leave the atom singly charged. The most probable state of ionization is 8, following 21.06 ± 0.21% of the nuclear transitions, and corresponding to the depopulation of the outer electron shell. Thereafter the probability of occurrence decreases toward the higher charges, twenty electrons being thrown off in 0.003 ± 0.002% of the decays, which presently is about as far as the sensitivity of the spectrometer carries the spectrum. The mechanism of this multiple ionization is discussed in terms of successive Auger events. An analysis of the intensity of the singly charged ions in particular, suggests that they result predominantly from a combination of direct internal conversion in the outer shell of the atom and of K -shell conversion followed by the (1 s -5 p ) X -ray transition. The upper limit thereby set for the 5 p shell conversion coefficient is 0.28, and the upper limit for the intensity of the (l s -5 p ) line is 0.011 in a total K -series intensity of 1.

THE TOTAL INTERNAL CONVERSION COEFFICIENT OF THE 279-kev TRANSITION FOLLOWING THE DECAY OF Hg203 AS MEASURED BY A NEW COINCIDENCE METHOD

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. V. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Coincidence Method ◽  
Β Decay ◽  
A Value ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Total Conversion Coefficient

Using a new coincidence method, the total internal conversion coefficient for the 279-kev transition following the β-decay of Hg203 has been measured with a standard deviation of about 1%. The method which employs a 4πβ–γ coincidence arrangement is based on the differential absorption of β-particles and conversion electrons in 4π geometry. For determining the absolute efficiencies of γ-ray spectrometers or ion-chambers, the method has the advantage of yielding directly the number of γ-ray quanta emitted per Hg203 disintegration without requiring any knowledge of the K:L:M conversion ratios. Likely sources of systematic error have been investigated and their effect has been shown to be smaller than the quoted standard deviation. The value obtained is α = 0.2262 ±.0019 or γ/β = 0.8155 ±.0015, in excellent agreement with the recent β-ray spectrometer measurements of Nijgh et al. This is of interest because a number of widely differing values of conversion coefficients for this transition have been reported. If the K/(L+M+N) conversion ratio of 2.60 ±.06 found by Nijgh et al. is combined with our total conversion coefficient, a value αK = 0.1633 ±.0017 is obtained.

scholarly journals The calculation of internal conversion coefficients of γ-rays

1934 ◽  
Vol 143 (850) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Charge Number ◽  
A Value ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Limiting Values

The purpose of this paper is the calculation of theoretical values for the internal conversion coefficient I, of γ -rays converted K-and L 1 -shells. Hulme has obtained values for I in the K-shell assuming the radiating nucleus to emit the field of a dipole; while Taylor and Mott have assumed a quadripole field. The internal conversion coefficient has here been calculated for a number of values of hv for the L I -shell applying the theory developed by Taylor and Mott; the previous results for the K-shell have been extended and slight errors in the region of soft γ-rays have been corrected. Finally, the limiting values for very soft γ -rays have been obtained for both K-and L I -shells, with both quadripole and dipole fields. The calculations have been carried through using a value of the charge number Z = 84. The correction for RaB (Z = 82) would be small. Recently Taylor and Mott have extended their theory to account for the interaction between nucleus and the extranuclear electrons. They have shown that the "internal conversion coefficients" as calculated in H II and TM I are not a measure of the ratio Number of β-particles ejected in time dt /Number of γ -quanta leaving the nucleus in time dt , but, apart from a factor in general effectively unity, give I ≡ Number of β-particles ejected in time dt /Number of γ -quanta escaping from the system in time dt .

Total internal conversion coefficient of the 260.9 keV (7+→3−) transition in198mTl

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Venkateswara Rao ◽  
Ch. Suryanarayana ◽  
D. G. S. Narayana ◽  
S. Bhuloka Reddy ◽  
G. Satynarayana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficient

ON THE NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF THE INTERNAL CONVERSION IN THE K-SHELL—THE ELECTRIC DIPOLE CASE

1949 ◽  
Vol 27a (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Variable Formula

Hulme's formula for the internal conversion of γ-radiation is simplified and used to calculate the internal conversion coefficient in the electric dipole case for electrons in the K-shell. For each of the elements Z = 69, 74, 79, 84, 89, IK is calculated for 10 values of the variable [Formula: see text] and a table obtained by interpolation is given for θ = 0.05 to θ = 1.70.

Standardization and determination of the total internal conversion coefficient of In-111

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 192-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela T. Matos ◽  
Marina F. Koskinas ◽  
Tatiane S. Nascimento ◽  
Ione M. Yamazaki ◽  
Mauro S. Dias
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficient

The Decay of 169Yb

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
pp. 2348-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sen ◽  
D. L. Salie ◽  
E. Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Coulomb Excitation ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Electron Capture Decay ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
First Time

The decay of 169Yb was investigated using several Ge(Li) detectors of different sizes. The following gamma rays (energies in keV and intensities within brackets) were definitely identified with the 169Yb decay: 20.7 (0.66 ± 0.04), 63.1 (124 ± 5), 93.6 (7.2 ± 0.3), 109.8 (50 ± 2), 117.3 (0.08 ± 0.04), 118.2 (5.4 ± 0.2), 130.5 (34 ± 2), 156.7 (0.023 ± 0.004), 177.2(59 ± 3), 198.0 (100), 240.4 (0.33 ± 0.02), 261.0 (4.7 ± 0.2), and 307.7 (28 ± 1). The recently reported weak gamma-ray peaks at 515 (0.008 ± 0.002) and 625 (0.010 ± 0.002) were also observed and could not be ruled out as not belonging to 169Yb. The recently reported gamma-ray peaks at 140, 160, 207, 288, 295, 316, 320, 328, 355, 371, 379, 396, and 417 were detected and shown not to be from the decay of 169Yb while those at 218, 229, 285, 304, 335, 388, 411, and 425 were not observed and upper limits were placed on their intensities. The presence of very weak peaks at 515 and 625 establishes the formation of the 633 keV state of 169Tm following electron capture decay of 169Yb as reported by George. (This level has been previously observed only in Coulomb excitation of 169Tm.) The total internal conversion coefficient for the 20.7 keV transition was determined for the first time from the direct measurement of the gamma-ray intensity as 51 ± 10 corresponding to an M1 transition.

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