Multidisciplinary Study of Burnt Deposits at Surungur, Fergana Valley, Southern Kyrgyzstan

Burnt deposits are an important source of information on ancient lifestyles, providing the possibility of reconstructing the size, intensity of use, and functions of fi replaces at prehistoric settlements, and to assess fuel sources. We outline the results of a multidisciplinary study of fi replaces and their contexts at Surungur—a stratifi ed site in the Fergana Valley, in southern Kyrgyzstan. Sixteen samples from ash lenses and intermediate deposits were studied by rock-magnetism, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and X-ray fl uorescence (XRF). The rock-magnetic analysis suggests that the origin of all samples from ash lenses was anthropogenic. Types of fuel were reconstructed. At the initial stage (Early Holocene), the encompassing deposits likely resulted from short-term occupation, and fuel consisted of wood and grass/ dung. In the Middle Holocene, occupation became more long-term, as evidenced by maximal heating temperatures and high concentration of fi replaces. During the Late Holocene, habitation intensity on the platform under the stone ledge remained the same, but heating was less intense. Wood and grass/dung were used as fuel at all stages, suggesting that wood was available in the region throughout the Holocene.

Transliteration: A Magnetic Analysis

Machine transliteration is an important problem in an increasingly multilingual world as it plays a critical role in many downstream applications such as machine translation or cross-lingual information retrieval systems. There is now a vast amount of information accessible via the Internet where a lot of regional and cultural information is put on the World Wide Web in different languages and scripts. There are more that six thousand living languages in the world. Adding to the diversity is the fact that some languages are written in different scripts in different regions of the world. The multitude of foreign languages and mutually incomprehensible scripts of the same language pose a barrier to information exchange as we cannot all learn every language or script in use worldwide. Therefore, if we can get around the language barrier or at least the script barrier, we can access much more of the world's culture and can explore its abundant richness. Keywords: Transliteration, Translation. Cross-lingual, Multilingual, Language, Script

Study and analysis on some design aspects in single and multi-axis active magnetic bearing (AMB)

Active magnetic bearing (AMB) is a substitute of conventional bearing, which provides electromagnetic force to support the rotating part respecting the stator. The utilization of electromagnetic force makes this bearing “active”. The attraction force of an AMB system can be control by manipulating the input so that the rotor can be levitate at required position. As lot of limitation exist in passive magnetic bearing, the AMB is very useful in modern applications. Due to frictionless nature of magnetic bearing and non-necessity of lubricants, now-a-days AMB is taking place as the alternate of any other bearing in multiple applications of growing industry. Adequate knowledge of essential components is necessary for successful implementation of any active magnetic bearing design. So, In this paper, the magnetic analysis has been analyzed for the different types of single and multi-axis AMB using ANSYS Maxwell with extensively reviewed components.

Intensity of the Earth's magnetic field: Evidence for a Mid-Paleozoic dipole low

The Mesozoic Dipole Low (MDL) is a period, covering at least ∼80 My, of low dipole moment that ended at the start of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. Recent studies of Devonian age Siberian localities identified similarly low field values a few tens of million years prior to the Permo-Carboniferous Reverse Superchron (PCRS). To constrain the length and timing of this potential dipole low, this study presents paleointensity estimates from Strathmore (∼411 to 416 Ma) and Kinghorn (∼332 Ma) lava flows, United Kingdom. Both localities have been studied for paleomagnetic poles (Q values of 6 to 7), and the sites were assessed for their suitability for paleointensity from paleodirections, rock magnetic analysis, and microscopy. Thermal and microwave experiments were used to determine site mean paleointensity estimates of ∼3 to 51 μT (6 to 98 ZAm2) and 4 to 11 μT (9 to 27 ZAm2) from the Strathmore and Kinghorn localities, respectively. These, and all the sites from 200 to 500 Ma from the (updated) Paleointensity database (PINT15), were assessed using the Qualitative Paleointensity criteria (QPI). The procurement of reliable (QPI ≥ 5) weak paleointensity estimates from this and other studies indicates a period of low dipole moment (median field strength of 17 ZAm2) from 332 to 416 Ma. This “Mid-Paleozoic Dipole Low (MPDL)” bears a number of similarities to the MDL, including the substantial increase in field strength near the onset of the PCRS. The MPDL also adds support to the inverse relationship between reversal frequency and field strength and a possible ∼200-My cycle in paleomagnetic behavior relating to mantle convection.

Structural, Thermal and Magnetic Analysis of Fe75Co10Nb6B9 and Fe65Co20Nb6B9 Nanostructured Alloys

Two nanocrystalline ferromagnetic alloys of the Fe-Co-Nb-B system have been produced by mechanical alloying (MA). Their microstructure, thermal behavior and magnetic response were checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). After 80 h of MA, the alloys were nanostructured (bcc-Fe(Co)-rich phase). As the Co content increases, the density of the dislocations decreases. Besides, a higher concentration of Co causes an increase in the activation energy of the crystallization process. The calculated energies, 267 and 332 kJ/mol, are associated to the crystalline growth of the bcc-Fe-rich phase. The Co content of the samples has no effect on the value of the saturation magnetization, whereas the coercivity is lower in the alloy containing less Co. Samples were compacted and heat-treated. Optimal annealing reduces the coercivity by a factor of two. Results were compared with the data of Fe-Nb-B and Fe-Ni-Nb-B alloys.