Nd L-shell x-ray emission induced by light ions

The L-shell x ray of Nd has been obtained for 300 - 600 keV He2 + ions impacting, and compared with that produced by H+ and H2 + ions. The threshold of projectile kinetic energy for L-shell ionization of Nd is crudely verified in the energy region of about 300 - 400 keV. It is found that the energy of the distinct L-subshell x rays has a blue shift. The relative intensity ratios of Lβ1, 3, 4 and Lβ2, 15 to Lα1, 2 x-ray are enlarged compared to the atomic data, and they decrease with the increase of incident energy, and increase with increasing effective nuclear charge of the incident ions. That is interpreted by the multiple ionization of outer-shells induced by light ions.

Thermal conductivity and viscosity in fully ionized multiple-charged strongly coupled plasma

We present the results of calculations of the thermal conductivity and viscosity coefficients for a two-component fully ionized classical Coulomb plasma having ion charges from one to three, performed by the molecular dynamics method. The model of ultracold plasma was used, where particles interact according to the Coulomb law without any restrictions at large or small distances. The calculations are carried out in a wide range of the strong coupling parameter. Similarity for the coefficients of thermal conductivity and viscosity at multiple ionization is demonstrated. Comparison with the results of calculations for other plasma models is given. The results obtained can be used for any classical non-degenerate strongly coupled plasma.

State-selection by an Unconventional Mechanism in Dissociative Double Ionization of Sulphur Dioxide

Using multi-electron-ion coincidence measurements combined with high level calculations, we show that double ionization of SO2 at 40.81 eV can be state selective. It leads to high energy products, in good yield, via a newly identified mechanim, which is likely to apply widely to multiple ionization by almost all impact processes.

Energy Dependency of Proton-Induced Outer-Shell Multiple Ionization for 48Cd and 49In

L subshell X-rays of 48Cd and 49In have been measured for the impact of protons with energies from 75 to 250 keV. Obviously, it is found that Lγ2 (abbreviation Lγ2,3 for 48Cd and Lγ2,3,4 for 49In) X-ray emission is enhanced in comparison with Lγ1 X-ray emission. The relative intensity ratios of Lγ2 to Lγ1 X-ray are larger than the atomic data and increase with decreasing proton energy. This is caused by the multiple ionization of outer-shell electrons. To verify this explanation, the enhancements for relative intensity ratio of Lι and Lβ2 to Lα X-ray in experiments are discussed, and the direct ionization cross sections of 4d, 5s, and 5p electrons are calculated using BEA theory.