A fully coupled subwavelength resonance approach to filtering auditory signals

Author(s):  
Habib Ammari ◽  
Bryn Davies

The aim of this paper is to understand the behaviour of a large number of coupled subwavelength resonators. We use layer potential techniques in combination with numerical computations to study an acoustic pressure wave scattered by a graded array of subwavelength resonators. Using this approach, the spatial frequency separation properties of such an array can be understood. Our set-up is inspired by the graded structure of cochlear hair cells on the surface of the basilar membrane. We compute the resonant modes of the system and explore the model's ability to decompose incoming signals. We propose a mathematical explanation for phenomena identified with the cochlea's ‘travelling wave’ behaviour and tonotopic frequency map.

2013 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fu Xu ◽  
Na Ta ◽  
Zhu Shi Rao ◽  
Jia Bin Tian

A 2-D finite element model of human cochlea is established in this paper. This model includes the structure of oval window, round window, basilar membrane and cochlear duct which is filled with fluid. The basilar membrane responses are calculated with sound input on the oval window membrane. In order to study the effects of helicotrema on basilar membrane response, three different helicotrema dimensions are set up in the FE model. A two-way fluid-structure interaction numerical method is used to compute the responses in the cochlea. The influence of the helicotrema is acquired and the frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane motion along the cochlear duct is predicted. These results agree with the experiments and indicate much better results are obtained with appropriate helicotrema size.


2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 725-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cebulla ◽  
Ekkehard Stürzebecher ◽  
Claus Elberling ◽  
Jochen Müller

The click stimulus generally used for newborn hearing screening generates a traveling wave along the basilar membrane, which excites each of the frequency bands in the cochlea, one after another. Due to the lack in synchronization of the excitations, the summated response amplitude is low. A repetitive click-like stimulus can be set up in the frequency domain by adding a high number of cosines, the frequency intervals of which comply with the desired stimulus repetition rate. Straight-forward compensation of the cochlear traveling wave delay is possible with a stimulus of this type. As a result, better synchronization of the neural excitation can be obtained so that higher response amplitudes can be expected. The additional introduction of a frequency offset enables the use of a q-sample test for response detection. The results of investigations carried out on a large group of normal-hearing test subjects have confirmed the enhanced efficiency of this stimulus design. The new stimuli lead to significantly higher response SNRs and thus higher detection rates and shorter detection times. Using band-limited stimuli designed in the same manner, a “frequency-specific” hearing screening seems to be possible. El estímulo click, generalmente usado para el tamizaje auditivo de recién nacidos, genera una onda viajera a lo largo de la membrana basilar que estimula cada una de las bandas de frecuencia en la cóclea, una después de la otra. Debido a una falta de sincronización en la estimulación, la amplitud de la respuesta sumada es baja. Se puede establecer un estímulo repetitivo tipo clic en el dominio de frecuencia por medio de la adición de un alto número de cosenos, los intervalos de frecuencia que cumplen con la tasa deseada de repetición de estímulos. Es posible una compensación directa del retardo en la onda viajera coclear con un estímulo de este tipo. Como resultado, se puede obtener una mejor sincronización de la excitación neural, por lo que pueden esperarse amplitudes de respuesta mayores. La introducción adicional de una frecuencia que contrarreste permite el uso de una prueba de muestra “q” para detección de la respuesta. Los resultados de investigaciones realizadas en grandes grupos de sujetos con audición normal han confirmado la eficiencia aumentada de este diseño de estímulo. Los nuevos estímulos llevan a una SNR de respuesta significativamente más alto y por ende, a tasas mayores de detección y a tiempos menores de detección. Utilizando estímulos de banda limitada diseñados de la misma forma, un tamizaje auditivo frecuenciaespecífico parece posible.


ORL ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean W.T. Smolders ◽  
Anthony W. Gummer ◽  
Rainer Klinke

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 448-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Stürzebecher ◽  
Mario Cebulla ◽  
Claus Elberling ◽  
Thomas Berger

ASSR is a promising tool for the objective frequency-specific assessment of hearing thresholds in children. The stimulus generally used for ASSR recording (single amplitude-modulated carrier) only activates a small area on the basilar membrane. Therefore, the response amplitude is low. A stimulus with a broader frequency spectrum can be composed by adding several cosines whose frequency intervals comply with the desired stimulus repetition rate. Compensation of the travelling wave delay on the basilar membrane is possible with a stimulus of this type. Through this, a better synchronization of the neural response can be obtained and, as a result, higher response amplitudes can be expected, particularly for low-frequency stimuli. The additional introduction of a frequency offset enables the use of a q-sample test for the response detection, especially important at 500 Hz. The results of investigations carried out on a large group of normally hearing test subjects have confirmed the efficiency of this stimulus design. The new stimuli lead to significantly improved ASSRs with higher SNRs and thus higher detection rates and shorter detection times.


Author(s):  
S. A. Naida ◽  
О. A. Zubchenko

<p>There was conducted the simulations of a cochlea of an interior ear of the human by means of a long line. The following regularities of operation of a cochlea were determined: without the count of flexibilities Reissner's and basilar membranes swing pressure on walls of a cochlear course does not exceed 3,6 % from pressure in the field of an oval window; allocation of a differential of sound pressure fluctuates in a time with frequency; taking into account the slenderness of a membrane and dependence of a standing of resonances from <em>f </em>are spotted by non-uniformity of a basilar membrane; the differential travelling wave exists only near to a resonance on each  frequency where the amplitude buildup of oscillations to a maximum happens for many continuances of resonance frequency.</p><p>Small relative meaning of range of pressure of travelling wave could become the parent of that Peterson's and Bogert's work has not had the further evolution.</p>


1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1136-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. D. Thornton ◽  
G. Farrell ◽  
A. J. Phillips ◽  
N. P. Haacke ◽  
S. Rhys-Williams

AbstractA new objective test of endolymphatic hydrops has been described previously. The test uses auditory brainstem response (ABR) techniques to estimate the basilar membrane travelling wave velocity (TWV). The underlying hypothesis is that raised pressure in the scala media will lead to an increase in the stiffness of the basilar membrane and that this will give rise to a travelling wave velocity that is greater than normal.It was considered that verification of the technique could be obtained by carrying out the new test before and during a glycerol dehydration procedure. Patients who required this procedure for verification of the diagnosis or as a prognostic indicator for sacculotomy, underwent the following tests. Prior to dehydration an audiogram, the ABR TWV test and a blood sample (for plasma osmolality) were taken. The patient was then given the appropriate amount of glycerol mixed with lemon juice and laid on a bed in a test room. The audiogram and a blood sample were repeated every hour and the ABR TWV test was repeatedly carried out every twenty minutes between the other tests.Six of these procedures have been carried out. In five of them the 0.5 and 1kHz average threshold improved by at least 10dB and in all those cases the ABR TWV test showed an abnormal pre-dehydration result which moved towards the normal value following dehydration. One patient gave ABR TWV results that were within normal limits before and during the procedure and gave an audiometric change of only 5dB.These data indicate that the ABR TWV test does detect endolymphatic hydrops. The additional hardware to carry out this test has been constructed and parallel clinical trials at IHR Southampton, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, are in hand.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Babbs

To explore the fundamental biomechanics of sound frequency transduction in the cochlea, a two-dimensional analytical model of the basilar membrane was constructed from first principles. Quantitative analysis showed that axial forces along the membrane are negligible, condensing the problem to a set of ordered one-dimensional models in the radial dimension, for which all parameters can be specified from experimental data. Solutions of the radial models for asymmetrical boundary conditions produce realistic deformation patterns. The resulting second-order differential equations, based on the original concepts of Helmholtz and Guyton, and including viscoelastic restoring forces, predict a frequency map and amplitudes of deflections that are consistent with classical observations. They also predict the effects of an observation hole drilled in the surrounding bone, the effects of curvature of the cochlear spiral, as well as apparent traveling waves under a variety of experimental conditions. A quantitative rendition of the classical Helmholtz-Guyton model captures the essence of cochlear mechanics and unifies the competing resonance and traveling wave theories.


2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Campbell ◽  
Christofer Bester ◽  
Claire Iseli ◽  
David Sly ◽  
Adrian Dragovic ◽  
...  

Aim: To obtain direct evidence for the cochlear travelling wave in humans by performing electrocochleography from within the cochlea in subjects implanted with an auditory prosthesis. Background: Sound induces a travelling wave that propagates along the basilar membrane, exhibiting cochleotopic tuning with a frequency-dependent phase delay. To date, evoked potentials and psychophysical experiments have supported the presence of the travelling wave in humans, but direct measurements have not been made. Methods: Electrical potentials in response to rarefaction and condensation acoustic tone bursts were recorded from multiple sites along the human cochlea, directly from a cochlear implant electrode during, and immediately after, its insertion. These recordings were made from individuals with residual hearing. Results: Electrocochleography was recorded from 11 intracochlear electrodes in 7 ears from 6 subjects, with detectable responses on all electrodes in 5 ears. Cochleotopic tuning and frequency-dependent phase delay of the cochlear microphonic were demonstrated. The response latencies were slightly shorter than those anticipated which we attribute to the subjects' hearing loss. Conclusions: Direct evidence for the travelling wave was observed. Electrocochleography from cochlear implant electrodes provides site-specific information on hair cell and neural function of the cochlea with potential diagnostic value.


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