On the local and generalised action of radium and X-rays upon tumour growth

There are many considerations in the successful treatment of a tumour in the animal body by radiation. Broadly speaking, the subject may be divided into two main divisions : (1) the action of X-rays and the beta- and gamma-rays from radium on the tumour cells, and (2) the effect of these rays upon the animal itself. In both cases a gradual change of effects is observed according to the dose of radiation. Actively growing malignant cells, given a large dose of radiation, degenerate and die when re-inoculated into a living animal ; a dose short of this quantity causes the tumour cells to grow at a slower rate than they would do normally, but if given a very small dose, the cells appear to be stimulated rather than hindered in their subsequent growth.

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An Examination of Neutron Induced Autoradiography and Gamma Spectroscopy for the Study of Paintings

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-123-33 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

Author(s):

J.S. Olin ◽

D.W. Von Endt ◽

Y.T. Cheng ◽

M. Ligeza

Keyword(s):

Gamma Rays ◽

Gamma Spectroscopy ◽

Close Contact ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

X Rays ◽

Radiographic Film ◽

X Ray ◽

Radioactive Nuclides ◽

The Subject

Neutron-induced autoradiography is a further step in the development of techniques for the examination of paintings that complements x-ray radiography and often yields unique information that cannot be obtained by other means. After exposure to a field of thermal neutrons (<0.3eV), selected elements in the painting form radioactive nuclides that in turn decay at known half-lives with the emission of gamma rays and charged particles. The charged particles, mainly electrons, expose radiographic film that is held in close contact with the painting by a very slight vacuum. Unlike x-ray radiography, which involves detecting x-rays that have passed through the painting to expose a film, autoradiography uses one activation with neutrons followed by sequential film exposures to capture the images of activated elements that have different half-lives. The autoradiographs show the distribution patterns of the pigments in which the elements occur. These pigments may be on the surface and visible in the painting or they may be beneath the surface. Often autoradiography uncovers the preliminary sketch or underpainting preceding the rough blocking in of the subject and the subsequent paint layers that create the final image. X-rays reveal almost exclusively the presence of pigments containing heavy elements such as lead and barium; autoradiography identifies the presence of activated pigments and distinguishes the fine details of paint application as well as changes in composition.

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The vital staining of normal and malignant cells.-II. The staining of malignant tumours with trypan blue

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1929.0021 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 104 (733) ◽

pp. 493-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Keyword(s):

Trypan Blue ◽

Tumour Growth ◽

Vital Staining ◽

The Other ◽

Malignant Cells ◽

Living Animal ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Acid Dyes ◽

Difference Of Opinion ◽

Chemotherapeutic Treatment

In the attempt to discover a rational chemotherapeutic treatment tor cancer, the influence of various dyes on malignant growths has been investigated. There has resulted a considerable difference of opinion as to the effect of intra-vitam staining upon tumour growth. Since many acid dyes when injected into the living animal readily stain certain types of cells, the present investigation was carried out primarily to determine whether malignant cells stain intra-vitally with trypan blue, as do their normal prototypes. i. Previous Work .—The dyes which have been employed most in vital staining are tam in blue and trypan blue. According to von Möllendorff (1921) isamin blue is precipitated at the site of injection, and produced a localised vital coloration; it slowly passes into solution again and results in time in a general staining of the animal. Trypan blue, on the other hand, is one of the most suitable of the acid dyes for effecting direct intra-vitam staining.

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